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Ciutadella de Menorca
Municipality in the Balearic Islands, Spain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ciutadella de Menorca (Catalan pronunciation: [siwtəˈðeʎə (ðə məˈnɔɾkə)]) or simply Ciutadella is a town and a municipality in the western end of Menorca, one of the Balearic Islands (Spain). It is one of the two primary cities in the island, along with Maó.
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History
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The earliest known human activity in the area dates to 2000 BC. Talaiots were constructed in the area around 1400 BC.[2] A necropolis in the area was used from the pre-talaiot culture to the 100s AD.[3]
Ciutadella de Menorca was founded by Ancient Carthage under the name Jamma and was one of three fortified towns on Menorca. The area was renamed to Lammona after the Romans conquered[4] it in 123 BC.[2]
The town became Medina Menurqa after being conquered by Muslims[4] in 903[2] and was the only city on the island due to the decline of Mahón.[4] The Kingdom of Aragon conquered the area in 1287.[2] James II of Majorca had walls constructed and expanded for the town in 1303, and these existed until demolition occurred starting in 1868.[5]
In 1558, the area was raided by the Ottoman Empire.[2] An obelisk was set up in the 19th century by Josep Quadrado in the Plaza d'es Born in memory of the offensive, with the following inscription:
Here we fought until death for our religion and our country in the year 1558[6][7]
Every year on July 9, a commemoration takes place in Ciutadella, remembering "l'Any de sa Desgràcia", or "the Year of the Disaster".[8]
The War of the Spanish Succession resulted in the Kingdom of England gaining control over Menorca and the area was under English control for a century.[2]
The General Chanzy, a French steamboat, sunk off the coast of the town on 9 February 1910, and killed all but one of its 170 passengers. The Punta Nati Lighthouse was constructed in response to this event.[9]
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Geography and climate
Ciutadella de Menorca has a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with mild, somewhat humid winters and dry, hot summers. Autumn is the wettest season and heavy rain is not uncommon during this season.[10]
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Notable people
- Aina Moll Marquès (1930-2019), philologist and politician
- Albert Torres (1990-), track and road racing cyclist
- Severus of Menorca, bishop[4]
Sister cities
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ciutadella de Menorca.
Córdoba, Argentina, Argentina
Oristano, Italy, since 1991
Long Beach Island, New Jersey, United States, since 2012
See also
References
Works cited
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