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Colony of Virginia
British colony in North America (1583-1776) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert[3] in 1583 and the Roanoke Colony (further south, in modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s.
Colony of Virginia | |||||||||
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| 1606–1776 | |||||||||
Motto:
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Seal | |||||||||
 The Colony of Virginia with current country borders | |||||||||
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| Status | Colony of the British Empire in Eastern North America | ||||||||
| Capital |
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| Common languages | English, Siouan languages, Iroquoian languages, Algonquian languages | ||||||||
| Religion | Church of England (Anglicanism)[2] | ||||||||
| Government | Proprietary colony (1606-1624) Crown colony (1624-1776) | ||||||||
| Governor | |||||||||
• 1606 | Edward Wingfield (first) | ||||||||
• 1776 | Lord Dunmore (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | House of Burgesses (1619–1776) | ||||||||
| Historical era | European colonization of the Americas | ||||||||
• Founding | April 10, 1606 | ||||||||
• Became royal colony | May 24, 1624 | ||||||||
| July 4, 1776 | |||||||||
| Currency | Virginia pound (1624–1793) | ||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||
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The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company,[4] with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham colony quickly failed because of famine, disease, and conflicts with local Native American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to the Powhatan Confederacy and was also at the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies by ship in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia's first profitable export, the production of which had a significant impact on the society and settlement patterns.
In 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked by King James I, and the Virginia Colony was transferred to royal authority as a crown colony. After the English Civil War in the 1640s and 1650s, the Virginia colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the Protectorate and Commonwealth of England.[5]
From 1619 to 1775/1776, the colonial legislature of Virginia was the General Assembly, which governed in conjunction with a colonial governor. Jamestown remained the capital of the Virginia Colony until 1699; from 1699 until its dissolution the capital was in Williamsburg. The colony experienced its first major political turmoil with Bacon's Rebellion of 1676.
After declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1775, before the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted, the Virginia Colony became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the United States, adopting as its official slogan "The Old Dominion". The entire modern states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, and portions of Ohio and Western Pennsylvania were later created from the territory encompassed, or claimed by, the colony of Virginia at the time of further American independence in July 1776.