Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
1919 socialist state in Crimea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic[1] (Russian: Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика;[2] Crimean Tatar: Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea[3] was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War. It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea[3] and its capital was Simferopol.[2]
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | |||||||||
| Capital | Simferopol | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Government | Socialist republic | ||||||||
| Chairman | |||||||||
• 1919 | Dmitry Ulyanov | ||||||||
| Legislature | Revolutionary committee | ||||||||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||
| Mar–Apr 1919 | |||||||||
• Republic established | May 1919 | ||||||||
• White Movement Volunteer army offensive | June 1919 | ||||||||
• Republic defeated · White Movement control established | June | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | |||||||||
In April 1919, the Bolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-lived Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the conquest of Crimea (with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula) by the 3rd Ukrainian Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and a revolutionary committee government.[2]
By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed with Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman.[2][3] On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union with soviet republics in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.[3]
The republic was declared to be a non-national entity based on the equality of all nationalities.[2] Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords, kulaks, and the church were implemented.[2] The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests of Crimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government.[3]
Starting in late May, Anton Denikin's White Volunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea.[2] On 18 June, White forces under Yakov Slashchov (Яков Слащёв) landed in the area Koktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula.[2] Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of the South Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.
- Chairman of council - Dmitry Ulyanov
- Narkom of Army and Navy - Pavel Dybenko, commander of the Crimean Red Army
- Narkom of Propaganda and Agitation - Alexandra Kollontai
- Narkom of Health Care - Dmitry Ulyanov
- Narkom of People's Enlightenment - Ivan Nazukin
- Narkom of Justice - I.Ibrahimov
- Narkom of Land Cultivation - S. Idrisov
- Narkom of Foreign Affairs - S. Memetov
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