Cybernetics

Cybernetics is a wide-ranging field concerned with circular causal processes such as feedback. Norbert Wiener named the field after an example of circular causal feedback—that of steering a ship[note 1] where the helmsman adjusts their steering in response to the effect it is observed as having, enabling a steady course to be maintained amongst disturbances such as cross-winds or the tide.[1][2]

Principle diagram of a cybernetic system with a feedback loop

Complex systems
Topics
Self-organization Emergence
Collective behavior Social dynamics Collective intelligence Collective action Self-organized criticality Herd mentality Phase transition Agent-based modelling Synchronization Ant colony optimization Particle swarm optimization Swarm behaviour Collective consciousness
Networks Scale-free networks Social network analysis Small-world networks Centrality Motifs Graph theory Scaling Robustness Systems biology Dynamic networks Adaptive networks
Evolution and adaptation Artificial neural network Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms Genetic programming Artificial life Machine learning Evolutionary developmental biology Artificial intelligence Evolutionary robotics Evolvability
Pattern formation Fractals Reaction–diffusion systems Partial differential equations Dissipative structures Percolation Cellular automata Spatial ecology Self-replication Geomorphology
Systems theory and cybernetics Autopoiesis Information theory Entropy Feedback Goal-oriented Homeostasis Operationalization Second-order cybernetics Self-reference System dynamics Systems science Systems thinking Sensemaking Variety Theory of computation
Nonlinear dynamics Time series analysis Ordinary differential equations Phase space Attractors Population dynamics Chaos Multistability Bifurcation Coupled map lattices
Game theory Prisoner's dilemma Rational choice theory Bounded rationality Evolutionary game theory
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Cybernetics is concerned with circular causal processes however they are embodied,[3] including in ecological, technological, biological, cognitive and social systems and also in the context of practical activities such as designing, learning, managing, etc. Its transdisciplinary[4] character has meant that cybernetics intersects with a number of other fields, leading to it having both wide influence and diverse interpretations.

Transdisciplinary field concerned with regulatory and purposive systems / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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