Cystocele
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina.[1][5] Some may have no symptoms.[6] Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination.[1] Complications may include recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention.[1][7] Cystocele and a prolapsed urethra often occur together and is called a cystourethrocele.[8] Cystocele can negatively affect quality of life.[9][10]
Cystocele | |
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Other names | Prolapsed bladder, dropped bladder,[1] anterior vaginal wall collapse[2] |
A cystocele protruding through the vagina in a 73-year-old woman. | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Urology, gynecology[3] |
Symptoms | Trouble starting urination, incomplete urination, urinary incontinence, frequent urination[1] |
Complications | Urinary retention[1] |
Types | Grade 1, 2, 3[1] |
Risk factors | Childbirth, constipation, chronic cough, heavy lifting, being overweight[1] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and examination[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Bartholin cyst, nabothian cyst, urethral diverticulum[4] |
Treatment | Lifestyle changes, pelvic muscle exercises, vaginal pessary, surgery[1] |
Frequency | ~33% of women > 50 years old[5] |
Causes include childbirth, constipation, chronic cough, heavy lifting, hysterectomy, genetics, and being overweight.[1][2][6] The underlying mechanism involves weakening of muscles and connective tissue between the bladder and vagina.[1] Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and examination.[1]
If the cystocele causes few symptoms, avoiding heavy lifting or straining may be all that is recommended.[1] In those with more significant symptoms a vaginal pessary, pelvic muscle exercises, or surgery may be recommended.[1] The type of surgery typically done is known as a colporrhaphy.[11] The condition becomes more common with age.[1] About a third of women over the age of 50 are affected to some degree.[5]