E-mu SP-12
Computer/sampler From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Computer/sampler From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The E-mu SP-12 is a sampling drum machine.[1] Designed in 1984, SP-12 was announced by E-mu Systems in 1985.[2] Expanding on the features of E-mu’s affordable and commercially successful Drumulator, a programmable digital drum machine, SP-12 introduced user sampling, enabling musicians to sample their own drums and other sounds. In August 1987, E-mu replaced SP-12 with SP-1200.[2]
Developed as a successor to the Drumulator, SP-12 was initially advertised as “Drumulator II” by E-mu Systems at the NAMM Winter Music & Sound Market and Musikmesse Frankfurt[3] in February of 1985 before being launched officially at that summer’s NAMM International Music & Sound Expo.[2][4] “SP” is an initialism for “Sampling Percussion,” and 12 is a reference to its 12-bit linear data format.[5]
E-mu made a “Turbo” upgrade available which increased the total memory for user samples to 5 seconds. SP-1200, featuring an integrated disk drive for storage and more RAM allowing for more total user sampling time in place of the preset ROM drum sounds, replaced SP-12 in E-mu’s product line in August 1987. [2][6]
In contrast to other early sampling instruments integrating piano-style keyboards, such as E-mu’s Emulator series of digital sampling synthesizers, Ensoniq Mirage, or Fairlight CMI,[1] SP-12 instead used plastic buttons to play drum sounds on its top panel. Dynamics can be performed using a piezo sensor on the circuit board listening for the button’s impact, a technology invented by E-mu co-founder Scott Wedge.[2][7]
SP-12 uses a 12-bit linear data format and the same 26.04kHz sample rate E-mu previously used in Drumulator and subsequently reused in SP-1200.[2][8][9][10][11][12] The sample rate was chosen early on in Drumulator’s development as a compromise between bandwidth and sampling time.[2][8][13] A reconstruction filter was deliberately omitted, resulting in a brighter sound due to imaging (sounds above the sample rate).[10][13]
SP-12 includes 24 12-bit[2] preset ROM sounds consisting of two bass drum, two snare, two electronic snare, rimshot, cowbell, four toms, four electronic tom, three hi-hat, two clap, two ride cymbal, and crash cymbal sounds. Although the panel legend is marked with 8 positions for user samples, up to 32 user samples can be used. [14]
The original SP-12 had a maximum sampling time of 1.2 seconds while with the Turbo upgrade it has a maximum sampling time of 5 seconds. The SP-12 has a 5000-note memory allowing it to store 100 songs and 100 patterns; with the turbo upgrade, this is increased to 400 songs and 400 patterns.[15]
SP-12 can synchronize to and generate MIDI, SMPTE, and analog click signals as well as send and receive MIDI note triggers.[2][10]
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