Emil Eichhorn
German politician (1863–1925) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
German politician (1863–1925) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robert Emil Eichhorn (9 October 1863 – 26 July 1925) was a German politician, journalist and Chief of the Berlin Police during the 1918–1919 German Revolution.
Emil Eichhorn | |
|---|---|
Eichhorn c. 1918 | |
| Member of the Reichstag | |
| In office 1920 – July 26, 1925 | |
| Member of the Weimar National Assembly | |
| In office 1919–1920 | |
| President of the Berlin Police | |
| In office 1918–1919 | |
| Preceded by | Heinrich von Oppen |
| Succeeded by | Eugen Ernst |
| Personal details | |
| Born | October 9, 1863 Röhrsdorf, Chemnitz, Kingdom of Saxony |
| Died | July 26, 1925 (aged 61) Berlin, Weimar Republic |
| Political party | Communist Party of Germany (1920–) Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (1917–1920) Social Democratic Party of Germany (1881–1917) |
Eichhorn was born in Röhrsdorf (now part of Chemnitz) in the Kingdom of Saxony in October 1863 and became apprenticed as a glass worker in 1878, becoming active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).[1] He became a full-time official in 1893 and was the head of its press office from 1908–17, when he left with others to form the USPD where he played a similar role.[2] Eichorn worked for the post-revolutionary Russian Telegraph Agency in Berlin.[3]
On 9 November 1918 he led the occupation of police headquarters in Berlin, the infantry guarding the building surrendering their weapons without a struggle.[4] Inside the building Eichhorn took over the office of police chief and 600 political prisoners were set free.[4] Amongst his deputies was Revolutionary Stewards activist Anton Grylewicz.[5]
The attempt to dismiss Eichhorn by the Prussian cabinet on 4 January 1919 and to replace him with the SPD politician Eugen Ernst provoked mass opposition and a general strike,[6][7] with Eichhorn declaring the following day in front of a mass demonstration of 200,000, "I got my job from the Revolution, and I shall give it up only to the Revolution."[8] The attempt to remove Eichhorn had been preceded by slander in Vorwärts accusing him of having received Russian gold, possessing stolen foodstuffs and illegally bought arms.[6] On 6 January both the Central Committee of the councils and the Berlin executive approved the decision to remove Eichhorn. Earlier that day his supporters had occupied several buildings, including the Vorwärts office, in the precursor to the Spartacist uprising.[9]
In 1920, Eichhorn joined the KPD when it merged with the USPD left. After Paul Levi was expelled in 1921, Eichhorn joined the Communist Working Group (KAG) for a short time. However, he remained a member of the KPD and a KPD deputy until he died in Berlin in July 1925.[2][1]
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