Five-Pavilion Bridge

The Five-Pavilion Bridge, also known as the Lotus Bridge and by other names, is a covered stone arch footbridge in the Slender West Lake National Park in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, in Jiangsu, China. It is one of the Four Bridges in Misty Rain, one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing, and has become a landmark of the city.

Five-Pavilion Bridge 五亭桥
Coordinates	32°24′35″N 119°24′58″E
Crosses	Slender West Lake
Locale	Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
Other name(s)	Lotus Blossom Bridge
Heritage status	Nationally-Protected Cultural Heritage Site
Characteristics
Material	Stone
Total length	55 m (180 ft)
History
Opened	1757
Location

Five-Pavilion Bridge
"Four Bridges in Misty Rain", one of Yangzhou's 24 views under the Qing
Traditional Chinese	五亭橋
Simplified Chinese	五亭桥
Literal meaning	"Five-Pavilion Bridge"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wǔtíng Qiáo Wade–Giles Wu3-t'ing2 Ch'iao2 IPA [ù.tʰǐŋ tɕʰjǎʊ]
Lotus Bridge
Traditional Chinese	蓮花橋
Simplified Chinese	莲花桥
Literal meaning	"Lotus Blossom Bridge"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Liánhuā Qiáo Wade–Giles Lien-hua Ch'iao

Names

The bridge is called the "Five-Pavilion Bridge". Its alternative name, "Lotus Bridge" or "Lotus Blossom Bridge", is a translation of the bridge's original Chinese name,^[1] either named for the Lotus Blossom Dyke that the bridge connects to on its southern side^[2] or for a supposed resemblance of its pavilions to the petals of a lotus flower.^[3]

History

The bridge was constructed in 1757^[4] (Qianlong 22), connecting the residences on the north bank of the lake to the back of the Temple of the Lotus Mind to the south.^[3] Its construction was funded by local salt merchants to welcome the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty during his second southern tour of Jiangnan.^[5][2] The bridge self-consciously mirrored the Five Dragon Pavilions in Beijing, combining with the earlier White Dagoba at the Lianxing Temple to emulate the capital's Beihai Park.^[5] Although representative of a Qing style of covered bridges variously known as "corridor bridges", "rain and wind bridges", and "pavilion bridges",^[2] it was still listed by the famed Chinese structural engineer Mao Yisheng as China's "most elegant and artistic bridge".^[4]

The bridge was greatly damaged during fighting between the Taiping and Qing armies^[6] over the course of 1853,^[7] with the pavilions entirely destroyed. They were subsequently repaired by the end of the Qing,^[6][8] but only three of the five pavilions remained standing in 1929.^[9] The bridge was later renovated in 1933, 1951–1953,^[10] 1956, and 1982.^[11] As the "Lotus Bridge", the Five-Pavilion Bridge was inscribed along with the nearby White Dagoba as the 533rd Major Cultural Heritage Site under National-Level Protection added during the 6th round of nominations on 25 May 2006.^[12]

Structure

The bridge is 55.3 meters (181 ft) long.^[3] It rests on 12 granite bases of various sizes, supporting 15 arches in three styles. The largest arch has a span of 7 meters (23 ft). The largest central pavilion is connected to the four smaller pavilions at each corner by covered walkways.^[2] The present pavilions rise on scarlet pillars and are covered with imperial yellow tiles.^[13]

See also

• List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu
• List of bridges in China
• List of bridges with buildings

References

Citations

1. Finnane (2004), p. 194.
2. Chen & al. (2022), p. 389.
3. Knapp (2012), p. 190.
4. "Five-Pavilion Bridge", Official site, Yangzhou: Slender West Lake Scenic Spot, 2023.
5. Olivová (2009), p. 9.
6. Chen & al. (1986), p. 23.
7. Meyer-Fong (2009), p. 41–2.
8. Olivová (2009), p. 17.
9. Snow & al. (1929), p. 568.
10. Knapp (2012), p. 194.
11. Danielson, Eric N. (26 January 2012), "Yangzhou Historic Sites Index", The Long River.
12. State Council (2006).
13. Knapp (2012), p. 191.

Bibliography

• "国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国 重点文物保护单位的通知 (6th Batch)", Official site (in Chinese), Beijing: State Council of the People's Republic of China, 25 May 2006, archived from the original on 14 April 2020, retrieved 31 January 2024.
• Chen Lifang; et al. (1986), The Garden Art of China, Portland: Timber Press.
• Chen Shouxiang; et al. (2022), "Architecture of the Qing Dynasty", A General History of Chinese Art, vol. VI, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 361–397, ISBN 978-3-11-079093-1.
• Finnane, Antonia (2004), Speaking of Yangzhou: A Chinese City, 1550–1850, Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, ISBN 978-0674013926.
• Knapp, Ronald G. (2012), "Wuting Bridge", Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture from China's Past, North Clarendon: Tuttle, pp. 190–195, ISBN 978-1-4629-0586-7.
• Meyer-Fong, Tobie (2009), "Gathering in a Ruined City: Metaphor, Practice, and Recovery in Post-Taiping Yangzhou", Lifestyle and Entertainment in Yangzhou, NIAS Studies in Asian Topics, No. 44, Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 37–61, ISBN 978-87-7694-035-5.
• Olivová, Lucie B. (2009), "Building History and the Preservation of Yangzhou", Lifestyle and Entertainment in Yangzhou, NIAS Studies in Asian Topics, No. 44, Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 3–36, ISBN 978-87-7694-035-5.
• Snow, Edgar; et al. (10 August 1929), "Journeying through Kiangsu: From Shanghai to the Capital via the Shanghai Nanking Railway", China Weekly Review, vol. XLIX, Shanghai: Millard Publishing Co., pp. 559–573.