Gustav I of Sweden

Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496[1] – 29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560,[2] previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead the rebel movement following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.[3]

Quick facts: Gustav I, King of Sweden, Reign, Coronation, ... ▼

Gustav I
Portrait by Jakob Binck, 1542
King of Sweden
Reign	6 June 1523 – 29 September 1560
Coronation	12 January 1528
Predecessor	Christian II
Successor	Eric XIV
Born	Gustav Eriksson 12 May 1496 Rydboholm Castle, Uppland or Lindholmen, Uppland, Sweden
Died	29 September 1560(1560-09-29) (aged 64) Tre Kronor, Stockholm, Sweden
Burial	21 December 1560 Uppsala Cathedral, Uppsala, Sweden
Spouse	Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (m. 1531; died 1535) Margaret Leijonhufvud (m. 1536; died 1551) Catherine Stenbock (m. 1552)
Issue	Eric XIV of Sweden John III of Sweden Catherine, Countess of East Frisia Cecilia, Margravine of Baden-Rodemachern Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland Anna Maria, Countess Palatine of Veldenz Sophia, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg Elizabeth, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch Charles IX of Sweden
House	Vasa
Father	Erik Johansson Vasa
Mother	Cecilia Månsdotter
Religion	Lutheran (1523-1560) prev. Roman Catholic (1496-1523)

As king, Gustav proved an energetic administrator with a ruthless streak not inferior to his predecessor's, brutally suppressing subsequent uprisings (three in Dalarna – which had once been the first region to support his claim to the throne – one in Västergötland, and one in Småland). He worked to raise taxes and bring about a Reformation in Sweden, replacing the prerogatives of local landowners, noblemen and clergy with centrally appointed governors and bishops. His 37-year rule, which was the longest of an adult Swedish king to that date (subsequently passed by Gustav V and Carl XVI Gustav) saw a complete break with not only the Danish - Norwegian supremacy but also the Roman Catholic Church, whose assets were nationalised, with the Lutheran Church of Sweden established under his personal control. He became the first truly autocratic native Swedish sovereign and was a skilled bureaucrat and propagandist, with tales of his largely fictitious adventures during the liberation struggle still widespread to this day. In 1544, he abolished Medieval Sweden's elective monarchy and replaced it with a hereditary monarchy under the House of Vasa, which held the Swedish throne until 1654. Three of his sons, Eric XIV, John III and Charles IX, held the kingship at different points.[4]

Gustav I has subsequently been labelled the founder of modern Sweden, and the "father of the nation". Gustav liked to compare himself to Moses, whom he believed to have also liberated his people and established a sovereign state. As a person, Gustav was known for ruthless methods and a bad temper, but also a fondness for music and had a certain sly wit and ability to outmaneuver and annihilate his opponents. He founded one of the oldest orchestras of the world, Kungliga Hovkapellet (Royal Court Orchestra); thus Royal housekeeping accounts from 1526 mention twelve musicians including wind players and a timpanist but no string players.[5] Today Kungliga Hovkapellet is the orchestra of the Royal Swedish Opera.[6][7]