Haplogroup IJK is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. IJK is a primary branch of the macrohaplogroup HIJK. Its direct descendants are haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K.[2]
Quick Facts Possible time of origin, Possible place of origin ...
Haplogroup IJK |
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Possible time of origin | 49,000-59,000 BP[1] |
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Possible place of origin | Eurasia |
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Ancestor | Haplogroup HIJK |
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Descendants | IJ, K |
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Defining mutations | L15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1 |
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IJK has not been reported in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and Upper Paleolithic European (Gravettian), Vestonice16.[3] Later study in 2023 with high quality sequencing of Magdalenian, GoyetQ-2, Gravettian, Vestonice16 were assigned with Haplogroup I.[4]
Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations.
Subclades of IJK are now concentrated in males native to:
- Europe (e. g. haplogroups I, J, R and N);
- the Caucasus, Near East and North East Africa (e.g. haplogroups J and T);
- South Asia (e.g. haplogroups J, L and R);
- East Asia,Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Pacific (e. g. haplogroups K, M, O, P, S)
- Northern Eurasia, (e.g. haplogroups N and Q) and;
- Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R).
Structure
Basic phylogeny
- IJK
- IJK (L15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1)
- IJ (M429/P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22)
- K (M9, P128, P131, P132)
Phylogenetic tree
Haplogroup IJK† |
IJ |
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K† |
LT† |
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K2 |
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K2* – the basal subclade is found at significant levels among indigenous Australians. Also found at Mandar and Toba Batak one of the Indigenous Tribe in Sundaland.[5] |
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NO* † (found only in the remains of Ust'-Ishim man,<br /> dating from 45,000 BP [6]) → NO1 (K2a) |
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K2b† |
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K2c – rare lineage, found mainly in males from Bali[7] |
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K2d – rare lineage, found mainly in Java |
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K2e – rare lineage, found only in two living males from South India[7] |
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† = A basal haplogroup that has not been documented among living individuals.
(Based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.[8])
L15
The defining SNP L15 is located at Y chromosomal location rs9786139 with the ancestral value being A and the derived value being G.
L16
The defining SNP L16 is at location rs9786714 with the ancestral value being G and the derived value being A.
The remains of Ust'-Ishim man, dating from 45,000 BP have been found to be NO*, meaning that IJK must be significantly older.
Fu, Q.; Posth, C.; Hajdinjak, M.; Petr, M.; Mallick, S.; Fernandes, D.; Furtwängler, A.; Haak, W.; Meyer, M.; Mittnik, A.; Nickel, B.; Peltzer, A.; Rohland, N.; Slon, V.; Talamo, S.; Lazaridis, I.; Lipson, M.; Mathieson, I.; Schiffels, S.; Skoglund, P.; Derevianko, A. P.; Drozdov, N.; Slavinsky, V.; Tsybankov, A.; Cremonesi, R. G.; Mallegni, F.; Gély, B.; Vacca, E.; González Morales, M. R.; et al. (2016). "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe". Nature. 534 (7606): 200–205. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..200F. doi:10.1038/nature17993. PMC 4943878. PMID 27135931.
Fu, Qiaomei; Li, Heng; Moorjani, Priya; Jay, Flora; Slepchenko, Sergey M.; Bondarev, Aleksei A.; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer; Prüfer, Kay; De Filippo, Cesare; Meyer, Matthias; Zwyns, Nicolas; Salazar-García, Domingo C.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Keates, Susan G.; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Razhev, Dmitry I.; Richards, Michael P.; Peristov, Nikolai V.; Lachmann, Michael; Douka, Katerina; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Slatkin, Montgomery; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Reich, David; Kelso, Janet; Viola, T. Bence; Pääbo, Svante (2014). "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia" (PDF). Nature. 514 (7523): 445–449. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..445F. doi:10.1038/nature13810. PMC 4753769. PMID 25341783. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-26.
Tatiana M. Karafet, Fernando L. Mendez, Herawati Sudoyo, J. Stephen Lansing and Michael F. Hammer; 2015, "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia", European Journal of Human Genetics, no. 23 (March), pp. 369–73.