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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe are haplogroups of the male Y-chromosome found in European populations.
Frequencies in European ethnic groups
Summarize
Perspective
The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic[dubious – discuss] and other notable groups from Europe. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each particular haplogroup (ethnic groups from the North Caucasus, although technically located in Europe, are considered in their own article where they are placed alongside populations of the South Caucasus for the purpose of conserving space).
Note: The converted frequency of Haplogroup 2, including modern haplogroups I, G and sometimes J from some old studies conducted before 2004 may lead to unsubstantial[clarification needed] frequencies below.
More information Population, Language ...
| Population | Language[1] | n | R1b | R1a | I | E1b1b | J | G | N | T | Others | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 51 | 17.6% | 9.8% | 19.6% | 21.57% | 23.53% | 2.0% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Semino2000[2] | |
| Albanians (Pristina) | IE (Albanian) | 114 | 21.10% | 4.42% | 7.96% | 47.40% | 16.7% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1.77% | Pericic2005[3] |
| Albanians (Tirana) | IE (Albanian) | 30 | 13.3% | 13.3% | 16.7% | 23.3% | 20.0% | 3.3% | Bosch2006[4] | |||
| Albanians (Tirana) | IE (Albanian) | 55 | 18.2% | 9.1% | 21.8% | 25.4% | 23.5% | 1.8% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Battaglia2008[5] | |
| Albanians (North Macedonia) | IE (Albanian) | 64 | 18.8% | 1.6% | 17.2% | 39.1% | 22% | 1.6% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Battaglia2008[5] | |
| Albanians (Tirana and North Macedonia) | IE (Albanian) | 119 | 18.50% | 5.05% | 19.33% | 32.8% | 22.70% | 1.7% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Battaglia2008[5] | |
| Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 223 | 18.39% | 4.04% | 13% | 35.43% | 23.77% | 2.69% | 0 | 0.9% | 1.79% | Sarno2015[6] |
| Arkhangelsk (Russia) | IE (Slavic), Uralic | 28 | 0 | 17.9% | 50.0% | 3.6% | 0 | 0% | 28.6% | 0 | 0 | Mirabal2009[7] |
| Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 29 | 65.52% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.9% | L=3.4 | Semino2000[2] | |||
| Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 103 | 3.9% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 76 | 9.2% | 1.1% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 413 | 29.06% | 1.7% | 3.63% | 5.09% | 36.07% | 9.44% | 0.24% | 8.48% | Q=0.24% 1/413 |
Herrara2012 |
| Aromanians (Dukasi, Albania) | IE (Italic) | 39 | 2.56% | 2.56% | 17.95% | 17.95% | 48.72% | 10.26% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Aromanians (Andon Poci, Albania) | IE (Italic) | 19 | 36.84% | 0.0 | 42.11% | 15.79% | 5.26% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) | IE (Italic) | 43 | 27.91% | 11.63% | 20.93% | 20.93% | 11.63% | 6.98% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Aromanians (Štip, Macedonia) | IE (Italic) | 65 | 23.08% | 21.54% | 16.92% | 18.46% | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Aromanians (Romania) | IE (Italic) | 42 | 23.81% | 2.38% | 19.05% | 7.14% | 33.33% | 0.0% | Bosch2006[4] | |||
| Aromanians Balkan) | IE (Italic) | 208[nb 1] | 21.63% | 10.1% | 20.67% | 16.35% | 25% | 3.37% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Ashkenazi Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 79 | 12.7% | 22.8% | 43.04% | Nebel2001[10] | ||||||
| Ashkenazi Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 442 | 4.1 | 19.7 | 38.01% | 9.7% | 0.2% | Behar2004[11] | ||||
| Austrians | IE (Germanic, West) | 1,017 | 44% | 10.8% | 21.5% | 8.6% | 10.9% | 9% | [12][13][14] | |||
| Bashkirs (Perm) | Turkic | 43 | 86.05% | 9.3% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.33% | 2.33% | 0.0 | Lobov[15] | |
| Basque | Basque (Basque) | 67 | 88.06 | 0.0 | 7.46% | 2.2% | 1.0% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Semino2000[2] | |
| Basque | Basque (Basque) | 109 | 92.66% | 0.92% | 3.67% | 0.92% | Adams2008[16] | |||||
| Bavarians | IE (Germanic, West) | 80 | 50.0% | 15.0% | 8.0% | 5.0% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Rosser2000[17] | |||
| Belgians | IE (Germanic/Celtic) | 92 | 63.04% | 4.0% | 2.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 41 | 0.0 | 39.0% | 10.0% | 2.4% | Rosser2000[17] | |||||
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 147 | 19.0% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 68 | 4.4% | 45.6% | 25.0% | 4.4% | 1.5% | 8.8% | Kharkov2005[18] | |||
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 306 | 4.2% | 51.0% | 4.6% | 3.3% | 9.5% | Behar2003[19] | ||||
| Bearnais | IE (Italic) | 26 | 7.7% | 3.8% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
| Bearnais | IE (Italic) | 43 | 3.7% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Bosnians (Zenica) | IE (Slavic, South) | 69 | 1.4% | 24.6% | 53.65%[nb 2] | 10.14% | 0.0 | 4.35% | Pericic2005[3] | |||
| Bosniaks | IE (Slavic, South) | 85 | 4% | 15% | 49% | 13% | 12% | 4% | 4% | Marjanovcic2006 | ||
| British | IE (Germanic, West) | 32 | 68.75% | 9.38% | Helgason2000[20] | |||||||
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 127 | 11.0% | 17.3% | 27.5% | 19.7% | 18.1% | 1.6% | 0.8% | Karachanak2009[21] | ||
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 808 | 10.7% | 17.5% | 26.6% | 22.1% | 13.9% | 4.8% | 0.5% | 1.6% | C=0.5 H=0.6 L=0.2 Q=0.4 R2a=0.1 |
Karachanak2013[22] |
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 100 | 14.0% | 16.0% | 34.0% | 21.0% | 9.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 2.0% | H=1.0% | Begoña Martinez-Cruz2012[23] |
| Bulgarians (Pomaks) | IE (Slavic, South) | 17 | 23% | - | 53% | 18% | 6% | - | - | - | Family Tree DNA - Bulgarian DNA Project.[24] | |
| Catalans | IE (Italic) | 24 | 79.2% | 0.0% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 8.0% | Rootsi2004[8] | |||
| Catalans | IE (Italic) | 33 | 6.1% | 3.6% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
| Cantabrians (Pasiegos) | IE (Italic) | 56 | 42.9% | Cruciani2004[25] | ||||||||
| Chuvashes | Turkic | 79 | 3.8% | 31.6% | 11.3% | 0 | 24.2% | 0 | 27.8% | 0 | Tambets2004[26] | |
| Croats (Bosnia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 90 | 2.22% | 12.22% | 73.33% | 8.90% | 2.22% | 1.11% | Battaglia2008[5] | |||
| Croats (Osijek) | IE (Slavic, South) | 29 | 37.93% | 27.59% | 10.35% | 10.35% | 13.79% | Battaglia2008[5] | ||||
| Croats (Bosnia), +(Osijek) | IE (Slavic, South) | 119 | 1.68% | 18.49% | 62.19% | 9.24% | 4.2% | 4.2% | Battaglia2008[5] | |||
| Croats (Split) | IE (Slavic, South) | 26% | Underhill 2009 | |||||||||
| Croats (Zabok, Zagreb, Delnice, Donji Miholjac, Pazin) | IE (Slavic, South) | 88 | 16% | 33% | 39% | 7% | 2% | 1% | Sarac2016[27] | |||
| Croats (Dubrovnik) | IE (Slavic, South) | 179 | 5% | 13% | 63% | 6% | 7% | 2% | 2% | Sarac2016[27] | ||
| Croats (Zadar) | IE (Slavic, South) | 25 | 0 | 4% | 72% | 8% | 12% | 4% | Sarac2016[27] | |||
| Croats (Žumberak) | IE (Slavic, South) | 44 | 11% | 34% | 27% | 18% | 5% | 5% | Sarac2016[27] | |||
| Croats | IE (Slavic, South) | 336 | 8.33% | 20.24% | 52.98% | 8.04% | 5.96% | 1.79% | 1.49% | Sarac2016[27] | ||
| Croats | IE (Slavic, South) | 1100 | 7.91% | 22.1% | 44% | 10.73% | 7.37% | 2.73% | 0.64% | 0.64% | H=1.82% Q=0.73% | Mrsic2011[28] |
| Croats (Central proper) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 31.82% | 23.64% | 39.09% | 11.82% | 8.64% | 3.64% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||
| Croats (North of north proper) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 29% | 32% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
| Croats (Slavonia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 19% | 46% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
| Croats (Dalmatia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 19% | 60% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
| Croats (Istria and south proper) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 20% | 46% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
| Croats | IE (Slavic, South) | 1555 | 7.52% | 21.41% | 47.33% | 10.03% | 6.82% | 2.63% | 0.45% | 0.45% | H 1.29% 20/1555 Q 0.51% 8/1555 |
Battaglia2008[5] Sarac2016[27] Mrsic2011[28] |
| Croats (mainland) | IE (Slavic, South) | 189 | 38.1% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Czechs | IE (Slavic, West) | 257 | 34.2% | 18.3% | 5.8% | 4.7% | 5.1% | 1.6% | Luca2007[29] | |||
| Czechs and Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 45 | 35.6% | 26.7% | 2.2% | Semino2000[2] | ||||||
| Czechs and Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 198 | 13.6% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Danes | IE (Germanic, North) | 12 | 31.67% | 16.67% | 43.33% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
| Danes | IE (Germanic, North) | 194 | 38.7% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Danes | IE (Germanic, North) | 35 | 2.9% | Cruciani2004[25] | ||||||||
| Dutch | IE (Germanic, West) | 410 | 50.2% | 3.3% | 32.9% | 2.9% | 5.1% | 4.1% | 0.2% | Barjesteh2008[30] | ||
| Dutch | IE (Germanic, West) | 2085 | 57.9% | 4.0% | 27.8% | 2.6% | 3.5% | 2.7 | 0.05% | 0.7% | A=0.1, H=0.2, L=0.05, O=0.1, Q=0.3 | Altena2020[31] |
| English (Central) | IE (Germanic, West) | 215 | 61.9% | 5% | 25% | Weale2002[32] | ||||||
| English | IE (Germanic, West) | 1830 | 57% | 4% | 25% | 3% | 4% | 5% | FTDNA 2016[33] | |||
| Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 207 | 9.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% | 40.6% | Rosser2000[17] | |||||
| Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 118 | 37.3% | Laitinen2002[34] | ||||||||
| Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 210 | 18.6% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 57 | 2.0% | 10.5% | 2.0% | 63.2% | Rosser2000[17] | |||||
| Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | 0.0 | 7.9% | 28.9 | 63.2% | [26] | |||||
| French | IE () | 23 | 52.2% | 0 | 17.4% | 8.7% | 4.3% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino2000[2] | |
| French | IE (Italic) | 40 | 8.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||||
| Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | 56.0% | 7.0% | 29.0% | 2.0% | 6.0% | Wilson2001[35] | ||||
| Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | 55.3% | 7.4% | 34.0% | 2.1% | 1.4% | Weale2002[32] | ||||
| Gagauz (Kongaz) | Turkic | 48 | 10.4% | 12.5% | 31.3% | 16.7% | 8.3% | 10.4% | 4.2% | 6.3% | Varzari2006[36] | |
| Gagauz (Etulia) | Turkic | 41 | 14.6% | 26.8% | 24.4% | 9.8% | 7.3% | 17.1% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Varzari2006[36] | |
| Germans | IE (Germanic, West) | 48 | 47.9% | 8.1% | 22% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
| Germans | IE (Germanic, West) | 16 | 50% | 16% | 22% | 6.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino2000[2] | |
| Germans | IE (Germanic, West) | 1215 | 38.9% | 17.9% | 23.6% | 6.2% | 4.0% | 1.6% | 7.7 | Kayser2005[37] | ||
| Germans | IE (Germanic, West) | 3,000+ | 44% | 12% | 20% | 5% | 6% | 5% | 1% | Gabel 2013[38] | ||
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 77 | 11.7% | 15.6% | 19.5% | 20.8% | 16.9% | 9.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | F=1.3% H2=1.3% K=1.3% K2=2.6% | Firasat2007[39] |
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 118 | 22.8% | 8.3% | Helgason2000[20] | |||||||
| Greeks (continental) | IE (Greek) | 154 | 13% | 12% | 18% | 24% | 20% | 5% | 8% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Agrinio) | IE (Greek) | 21 | 19.05% | 4.76% | 23.81% | 9.52% | 28.57% | 4.76% | 9.52% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Ioannina) | IE (Greek) | 24 | 16.67% | 8.33% | 8.33% | 29.17% | 20.84% | 4.17% | 12.5% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Patrai) | IE (Greek) | 18 | 11.11% | 5.56% | 11.11% | 44.44% | 16.67% | 0.0% | 11.11% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Kardhitsa) | IE (Greek) | 25 | 8% | 20% | 12% | 28% | 16% | 12% | 4% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Serrai) | IE (Greek) | 25 | 12% | 8% | 36% | 24% | 16% | 4% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | |||
| Greeks (Thessaloniki) | IE (Greek) | 20 | 5% | 25% | 20% | 20% | 15% | 5% | 10% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Larissa) | IE (Greek) | 21 | 19.05% | 9.52% | 14.29% | 14.29% | 28.57% | 4.76% | 9.52% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Heraklion) | IE (Greek) | 42 | 7.14% | 14.29% | 26.19% | 40.48% | 9.52% | 2.38% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | |||
| Greeks (continental, Agrinio, Ioannina, Patrai, Kardhitsa, Serrai, Thessaloniki, Larissa, Heraklion) |
IE (Greek) | 350 | 12.29% | 10.29% | 17.71 | 24.29% | 22.57% | 5.71% | 7.14% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
| Greeks (Nikomedeia, Lerna/Franchthi, Sesklo/Dimini) | IE (Greek) | 171 | 13.45% 23/171 |
11.11% 19/171 |
15.79% 27/171 |
31.58% 54/171 |
19.88% 34/171 |
4.68% 8/171 |
1.75 3/171 |
King2008[41] | ||
| Greeks (Crete) | IE (Greek) | 193 | 17.1% 33/193 |
8.81% 17/193 |
12.95% 25/193 |
8.81% 17/193 |
38.86% 75/193 |
10.88% 21/193 |
2.07% 4/193 |
King2008[41] | ||
| Greeks (Nikomedeia, Lerna/Franchthi, Sesklo/Dimini),+(Crete) | IE (Greek) | 364 | 15.38% 56/364 |
9.89%% 36/364 |
14.29% 52/364 |
19.51% 71/364 |
29.95% 109/364 |
7.97% 29/364 |
1.92% 7/364 |
King2008[41] | ||
| Greeks (Peloponnese) | IE (Greek) | 36 | 47.42% 17/36 |
13.89% |
Semino2004[9] | |||||||
| Greeks (Thrace) | IE (Greek) | 41 | 12.2% | 22.0% | 19.5% | 19.5% | 19.5% | 4.9% | Bosch2006[4] | |||
| Greeks (North) | IE (Greek) | 96 | 14.6% 14/96 |
18.8% 18/96 |
12.5% 12/96 |
35.4% 34/96 |
5.2% 5/96 |
2.1% 2/96 |
L=1% 1/96 |
Zalloua2008[42] | ||
| Greeks (South) | IE (Greek) | 46 | 19.6% 9/46 |
2.2% 1/46 |
23.9% 11/46 |
43.5% 20/46 |
6.5% 3/46 |
2.2% 1/46 |
Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Greeks (North)+(South) |
IE (Greek) | 142 | 16.2% | 13.38% | 16.2% | 38.03% | 5.63% | 2.11% | L=0.70% 1/142 |
Zalloua2008[42] | ||
| Greeks (Euboea) | IE (Greek) | 96 | 9% | 10% | 11% | 20% | 28% | 9% | [43] | |||
| Greeks (Corinthia) | IE (Greek) | 110 | 9% | 17% | 16% | 27% | 22% | 3% | [43] | |||
| Greeks (Macedonia) | IE (Greek) | 57 | 14.0% | 12.8% | 29.8% | 22.9% | 15.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% | Battaglia 2008[5][44] | ||
| Greeks (Athens) | IE (Greek) | 92 | 20% | 16% | 10% | 22% | 23% | 3% | 4% | C=1, L=1 | Battaglia 2008[5] | |
| Greeks (Athens) | IE (Greek) | 132 | 15% | 6% | 27% | IJ+G=49%, K*=4% | Waelle 2001[45] | |||||
| Greeks (Cyprus) | IE (Greek) | 629 | 11.13% | 4% | 4% | 23% | 41% | 13% | 3% | L=2%, H=1% | Voskarides 2016[46] | |
| Gypsy/Muslim Roma (Macedonia) | IE (Indic) | 57 | 1.8% | 1.8% | 5.3% | 29.8% | 1.8% | H=59.6 | Pericic2005[3] | |||
| Herzegovinians (Siroki Brijeg, Mostar) | IE (Slavic, South) | 141 | 3.55% | 12.06% | 70.92% | 8.51% | 1.42% | Pericic2005[3] | ||||
| Hungarians (Hungary) | Uralic (Ugric) | 215 | 18.1% | 25.6% | 31.37% | 6.1% | 10.23% | 4.2% | 0.47% | 0.0% | H=5.12% R2=0.47% R1*=1.40% | Völgyi2008[47] |
| Hungarians (Paloc) | Uralic (Ugric) | 45 | 13.3% | 60.0% | 11.1% | 8.9% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | L=2.2% | Semino2000[2] |
| Hungarians (Romania) | Uralic (Ugric) | 97 | 20% | 19% | 22% | 9% | 21% | 5% | 1% | [48] | ||
| Hungarians (Great Hungarian Plain) | Uralic (Ugric) | 100 | 15% | 30% | 24% | 10% | 16% | 3% | [48] | |||
| Icelanders | IE (Germanic, North) | 181 | 41.44% | 23.76% | 34.25% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
| Irish | IE (Celtic) | 222 | 81.53% | 0.45% | 14.86% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
| Irish | IE (Celtic) | 257 | 2.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||||
| Italians | IE (Italic) | 50 | 62.0% | 8.0% | 10.0% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||
| Italians | IE (Italic) | 2.7%[20] | 13.0%[17] | |||||||||
| Italians (Calabria) | IE (Italic) | 32.4%[2] | 5.4%[8] | 23%[9] | 24.6%[9] | |||||||
| Italians (Apulia) | IE (Italic) | 2.6%[8] | 13.9%[9] | 31.45%[9] | ||||||||
| Italians | IE (Italic) | 884 | 39% | 3% | 11% | 14% | 18% | 12% | 2% | L=2% | Boattini2013[49] | |
| Italians (Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 8.8% | 27.3% | 23.8% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
| Italians (South) | IE (Italic) | 68 | 25.00% | 2.94% | 5.88% | 25.88% | 14.71% | 2.94% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Italians (East Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 87 | 19.54% | 2.3% | 4.6% | 29.19% | 4.6% | 4.6% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Italians (West Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 125 | 27.2% | 2.4% | 11.2% | 19.2% | 12.8% | 3.2% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Italians (South) | IE (Italic) | 280 | 24.29% | 2.5% | 7.86% | 23.93% | 10.71% | 3.57% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Komi | Uralic (Finnic) | 94 | 16.0 | 33.0 | 5.3 | 35.1 | [26] | |||||
| Komi (Izhemsky) | Uralic (Finnic) | 54 | 0.0 | 29.6 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 68.5 | 0.0 | Mirabal2009[7] | |
| Komi (Priluzsky) | Uralic (Finnic) | 49 | 2.0 | 32.7 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 61.2 | 0.0 | Mirabal2009[7] | |
| Latvians | IE (Baltic) | 114 | 39.5% | 0.9% | 42.1% | Laitinen2002[34] | ||||||
| Lithuanians | IE (Baltic) | 38 | 5.0% | [17] | ||||||||
| Lithuanians | IE (Baltic) | 114 | 36.0% | 0.9% | 43.0% | Laitinen2002[34] | ||||||
| ethnic Macedonians | IE (Slavic, South) | 211 | 11.4% | 14.2% | 31.3% | 18% | 16% | 3.8% | 0.5% | 1.9% | L=0.5 | Noveski2010[50] |
| ethnic Macedonians (Skopje) | IE (Slavic, South) | 79 | 5.1% | 15.2% | 34.2% | 24.1% | 12.7% | 5.1% | Pericic2005[3] | |||
| Macedonians (Skopje) | IE (Slavic, South) | 52 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 28.8 | 23.1 | 11.5 | 3.8 | Bosch2006[4] | |||
| Maltese | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 187 | 22.0 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 111 | 2.7 | 47.7 | 8.1 | 41.4 | [26] | |||||
| Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 48 | 10.4 | 29.2 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 50.0 | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
| Moldovans | IE (Italic) | 70 | 6 | 35 | 10 | I+G=37 | Stefan2001[51] | |||||
| Moldavians (Carahasani) | IE (Italic) | 72 | 16.7 | 34.7 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | Varzari2006[36] | |
| Moldavians (Sofia) | IE (Italic) | 54 | 16.7% | 20.4% | 35.2% | 13.0% | 5.6% | 1.9% | 3.7% | 1.9% | Varzari2006[36] | |
| Mordvins (Erzya) | Uralic (Finnic) | 46 | 39.1% | Malaspina2003[52] | ||||||||
| Mordvins (Moksha) | Uralic (Finnic) | 46 | 21.7% | Malaspina2003[52] | ||||||||
| Mordvins | Uralic (Finnic) | 83 | 13.3 | 26.5 | 19.3 | 19.3 | [26] | |||||
| Norwegians | IE (Germanic, North) | 906 | 24 | 25 | 42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Q=3 | FTDNA[53] | |
| Orcadians | IE (Germanic, West) | 71 | 66.0 | 19.7 | Wilson2001[35] | |||||||
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 16.4[2] | 56.4[2] | 17.8[8] | 4.0[9] | 1.0[9] | ||||||
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 93 | 13.4 | 55.9 | 16.1 | 3.2 | [26] | |||||
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 913 | 11.6 | 57.0 | 17.3 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | Kayser2005[37] | ||
| Pomors (Mezen) | IE (Slavic, East) | 54 | 0 | 44.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53.7 | 0 | F*=1.9 | Balanovsky2008[54] |
| Portuguese | IE (Italic) | 303 | 5.3 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Portuguese (South) | IE (Italic) | 57 | 56.0% | 2.0% | 17.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
| Portuguese (North) | IE (Italic) | 328 | 62.0 | 0 | 11.0 | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
| Romanians (Buhusi, Piatra Neamț) | IE (Italic) | 54 | 13.0 | 20.4 | 48.1 | 7.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Varzari2006[36] | |
| Romanians | IE (Italic) | 361 | 22.2 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Romanians (Constanţa) | IE (Italic) | 31 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 41.9 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Romanians (Ploieşti) | IE (Italic) | 36 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 38.9 | 16.7 | 19.4 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
| Romanians | IE (Italic) | 179 | 10.1 | 20.1 | 27.9 | 19.6 | 18.4 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | Q=0.6 | Martinez-Cruz 2012[23] |
| Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 122 | 6.6 | 46.7 | 6.6 | 4.1 | 18.0 | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
| Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 61 | 21.3 | 42.6 | 13.1 | 16.4 | [26] | |||||
| Russians (Kursk) | IE (Slavic, East) | 40 | 7.5 | 52.5 | 15.0 | 10.0 | 2.5 | 0 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | Mirabal2009[7] |
| Russians (Northern) | IE (Slavic, East) | 380 | 6.1% | 33.4% | 14.5% | 0.3% | 1.8% | 1.3% | 41.3% | 0.0% | Balanovsky2008[54] | |
| Russians (Central) | IE (Slavic, East) | 364 | 7.7% | 47.0% | 16.5% | 5.2% | 3.3% | 0.0 | 17.0% | 0.8% | Balanovsky2008[54] | |
| Russians (Adygea) | IE (Slavic, East) | 78 | 24.4 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Russians (Bashkortostan) | IE (Slavic, East) | 50 | 6.0 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Russians (Belgorod region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 143 | 2.8 | 59.4 | 16.7 | Balanovsky[54] | ||||||
| Russians (Cossacks) | IE (Slavic, East) | 97 | 22.7 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Russians (Kostroma region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 53 | 18.9 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Russians (North, Pinega) | IE (Slavic, East) | 127 | 4.7 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Russians (Smolensk region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 120 | 10.8 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Ruthenians (Vojvodina) | IE (Slavic) | 44% | [55] | |||||||||
| Sami (Sweden) | Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | 7.9% | 15.8% | 31.6% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 44.7% | 0.0 | Karlsson2006[56] | |
| Sami | Uralic (Finnic) | 127 | 3.9 | 11.0 | 47.2 | [26] | ||||||
| Sami | Uralic (Finnic) | 31.4 | Rootsi2004[8] | |||||||||
| Sardinians (Sardinia, Italy) | IE (Italic) | 22.1[2] | 42.3[8] | 5.0[9] | 12.5[9] | |||||||
| Sardinians (Northern Sardinia) | IE (Italic) | 86 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 28.0 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Sardinians (Southern Sardinia) | IE (Italic) | 187 | 19.0 | 1.0 | 35.0 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Scots | IE (Germanic, West) | 750 | 72.53% | 8.53% | 14% | |||||||
| Sephardic Jews | IE (Italic) | 78 | 29.5% | 3.9% | 11.5% | 19.2% | 28.2% | Nebel2001[10] | ||||
| Serbs and South Slavs | IE (Slavic, South) | 1092 | 5% | 20% | 43% | 14% | 11% | 4% | 3% | - | Q=1% | Serb DNA Project 2016[57] |
| Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 267 | 3% | 26% | 39% | 15% | 9% | 5% | 2% | — | Serb DNA Project 2014[58] | |
| Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 179 | 4.5% | 14.5% | 38.5% | 17.3% | 5.6% | 2.2% | 3.3% | H=2.2, Q=1.7, L=0.6 | Mirabal, V. 2010[59] | |
| Serbs (Vojvodina) | IE (Slavic, South) | 185 | 10.3% | 15.1% | 35.1% | 16.2% | 11.4% | 3.2% | H=2.7 Q=1.1 others=4.9 | Veselinovic 2008[60] | ||
| Serbs (Belgrade) | IE (Slavic, South) | 113 | 10.6% | 15.9% | 36.3% | 21.2% | 8% | Pericic2005[3] | ||||
| Serbs (Aleksandrovac, Serbia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 85 | 1.17% | 21.1% | 41.1% | 15.2% | 9.40% | 10.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | Todorovic2013 | |
| Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 103 | 7.8% | 20.4% | 37.9% | 18.4% | 7.8% | 5.8% | 1.9% | Regueiro2012[61] | ||
| Serbs (Bosnia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 81 | 6.2% | 13.6% | 40.7% | 22.2% | 9.9% | 1.2% | 6.2% | 0.0% | Battaglia2008[5] | |
| Slovaks (Vojvodina) | IE (Slavic, West) | 42% | [55] | |||||||||
| Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 250 | 13.2% | 38% | 27.6% | 7.2% | 3.6% | 4% | 2.4% | 0.4 | Sotak[62] | |
| Slovenians | IE (Slavic, South) | 75 | 21.3% | 38.7% | 30.7% | 2.7% | 4.0% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | Battaglia2008[5] | |
| Slovenian | IE (Slavic, South) | 70 | 37.1% | 7.1% | 5.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
| Slovenian | IE (Slavic, South) | 55 | 38.2% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Spanish | IE (Italic) | 126 | 68.0% | 2.0% | 10.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
| Spanish | IE (Italic) | 2121 | 67.3% | 1.6% | 7.2% | 8.9% | 9.8% | 3.2% | -- | 1.3% | 0.8% | Martinez2016[63] |
| Ibiza islanders | IE (Italic) | 54 | 57.4% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 7.4% | 13.0% | 16.7% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Majorca islanders | IE (Italic) | 62 | 66.1% | 0.0% | 8.1% | 6.2% | 6.2% | 1.6% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Menorca islanders | IE (Italic) | 37 | 73.0% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 18.9% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Spanish (South) | IE (Italic) | 162 | 65.0% | 2.0% | 6.0% | 9.0% | 4.0% | 0.0% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Valencians | IE (Italic) | 73 | 64.0% | 3.0% | 10.0% | 11.%0 | 1.0% | 1.0% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
| Swedes (Northern) | IE (Germanic, North) | 48 | 22.9% | 18.8% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 8.3% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 1800+ | 21% | 18% | 45% | 1% | 1% | 3% | 2% | - | Q=3 | FTDNA 2016[64] |
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 110 | 20.0% | 17.3% | Helgason2000[20] | |||||||
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 225 | 40% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 160 | 13.1% | 24.4% | 37.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 14.4% | Lappalainen2008[65] | |||
| Swiss | IE (German/Italic) | 606 | 55% | 4% | 16% | 7% | 6% | 9% | 0% | 0% | K=1 | Zieger 2020[66] |
| Tatars | Turkic | 126 | 8.7% | 24.1% | 4.0% | 33.0% | [26] | |||||
| Turks | Turkic | 523 | 16% | 7% | 5% | 11% | 33% | 11% | 4% | 2% | L=4, Q=2, C=1, R2=1, H=1, A+DE*+R*+O = 2 | Cinnioglu 2004[67] |
| Turks (Istanbul) | Turkic | 81 | 15% | 9% | 10% | 12% | 27% | 7% | 2% | 4% | L=5, C=4, DE*=5 | Cinnioglu 2004 |
| Turks (Bulgaria) | Turkic | 63 | 8% | 10% | 19% | 13% | 24% | 6% | 5% | H=11, Q=3 | Zaharova 2001 | |
| Udmurt | Uralic (Finnic) | 87 | 2.3% | 10.35% | 1.1% | 85.06% | [26] | |||||
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 759 | 7.9% | 43.2% | 27.2% | 7.4% | 3.8% | 3% | 5.4% | 1.3% | 0.8% | Kushniarevich2015[68] |
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 21.9%[8] | 8.6%[9] | 7.3%[9] | ||||||||
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 53 | 18.9% | 41.5% | 24.5% | 9.4% | 0.0% | 5.7% | 0.0% | Varzari2006[36] | ||
| Welsh (Anglesey) | IE (Celtic) | 88 | 88.64% | 1.0% | 3.0% | Wilson2001[35] | ||||||
| Welsh (Anglesey) | IE (Celtic) | 196 | 8.1% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
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Notes
Chronological development of haplogroups
More information Haplogroup, Possible time of origin ...
| Haplogroup | Possible time of origin | Possible place of origin | TMRCA in Europe[69][70] |
|---|---|---|---|
| E | 69,000 years ago[70][71] | East Africa[72] or West Asia[73] | 38–59,000 years ago |
| D | 68,300 years ago | Asia | |
| C | c. 53,000 years ago | Asia | >35,000 years ago[74][75] |
| F | 38–56,000 years ago[citation needed] | ||
| IJ | 30–46,000 years ago | ||
| K | 40–54,000 years ago[citation needed] | ||
| E-M215 (E1b1b) | 31–46,000 years ago[76] | 39–55,000 years ago[citation needed] | |
| P | 27–41,000 years ago | ||
| J | 19–44,500 years ago[72] | ||
| R | 20–34,000 years ago | ||
| I | Balkans | 15–30,000 years ago | |
| R-M173 | 13–26,000 years ago | ||
| I-M438 | 28–33,000 years ago[77] | 16–20,000 years ago | |
| E-M35 | 20–30,000 years ago[76] | 15–21,000 years ago | |
| J-M267 | 15–34,000[72] years ago | ||
| R-M420 (R1a) | 25,000 years ago[78] | Eurasia (Iran?[79]) | 8–10,000 years ago |
| R-M343 (R1b) | 22,000 years ago[80] | West Asia[81] | |
| N | at least 21,000 years ago (STR age)[82] | ||
| I-M253 | 11–21,000[83] or 28–33,000 years ago[77] | 3–5,000 years ago | |
| J-M172 | 15–22,000[72] years ago | 19–24,000 years ago[69] | |
| E-M78 | 15–20,000[76] or 17,500–20,000 years ago[84] | Northeast Africa[84] | at least 17,000 years ago[84] |
| E-V12 | 12,500–18,000 years ago[84] | ||
| R-M17 | 13 ,000[85] or 18,000 years ago[86] | India | |
| I-L460 | present 13,000 years ago[87] | ||
| I-M223 | 11–18,000 years ago[83] | ||
| E-V13 | 7–17,000 years ago[84] | West Asia[84] | 5–9,000 years ago (Balkan) 4–4,700 years ago (Europe) 6,800–17,000 years ago (Asia)[84] |
| R-Z280 | 11–14,000 years ago[44] | ||
| N-M46 | at least 12,000 years ago (STR age)[82] | ||
| R-M458 | 11,000 years ago[44] | ||
| I-P37 | 6–16,000,[83] present 10,000 years ago[88] | ||
| I-M423 | present 10,000 years ago[88] | ||
| I-M26 | 2–17,000,[83] present 8,000 years ago[88] | ||
| R-M269 | 5,500–8,000 years ago[89] | ||
| R-L11, R-S116 | 3–5,000 years ago | ||
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See also
- Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups by population
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
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References
External links
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