Loading AI tools
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Haplogroup K2a (M2308, Z4842) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. K2a is a primary subclade of haplogroup K2 (M526), which in turn is a primary descendant of haplogroup K (M9). Its sole primary descendant is haplogroup K-M2313 (M2313, Z4858 S11799).[3][7]
Haplogroup K2a | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | approximately 47,000 years BP.[1][2][3] (Based on the immediate ancestor K2 originating 47,000–55,000 BP,[4] and the secondary descendant NO approximately 38,000 to 47,000 BP.) |
Possible place of origin | Central Asia[5] or Southeast Asia[4] |
Ancestor | K2 (M526) |
Descendants | Sole primary subclade: K-M2313 (M2313);[3] Confirmed secondary subclades: |
Defining mutations | M2308, Z4842[6] |
As of 2020, K-M2313 is known to have two primary subclades: Haplogroup NO1 (a.k.a. NO-M214), which has numerous members and the extremely rare K-Y28299,[3] sometimes known as NO2.
Basal, undivergent K2a* (K-M2308*) has been found only in the remains of two Upper Paleolithic individuals, known as "Ust'-Ishim man and "Oase-1",[3] who lived in Siberia and the Banat region of south-central Europe, respectively, about 37–45 ky BP. No examples of K-M2313* or NO1* (NO-M214*) have been identified in living males or remains. However, subclades of NO1 include a majority of living males in East Asia, Northern Eurasia and South East Asia. K-Y28299 has been found in three living individuals from India.[8] Another two other living males, who have been documented as belonging to K-M2313(xM214), have not been tested for Y28299 (and therefore may belong to K-Y28299). These K-M2313(xM214) individuals have ethnic ties to South Asia and South East Asia respectively: a Telugu from India and an ethnic Malay from Singapore.
According to geneticist Spencer Wells, haplogroup K probably originated in the Middle East or Central Asia, possibly in the vicinity of Iran or Pakistan.[5] However, Karafet et al. (2014) proposed that "rapid diversification ... of K-M526", also known as K2, likely occurred in Southeast Asia and later expanded to mainland Asia, although they could not rule out that it might have arisen in Eurasia and later went extinct there, and that either of these scenarios are "equally parsimonius".[9]
Before 2016, many authorities considered that the SNP M2308 was always found in conjunction with SNPs such as M2313 and M214.[3] However, researchers such as G. David Poznik discovered examples of Y-DNA that had some, but not all, of the SNPs peculiar to NO (M214), but also lacked SNPs identifying other primary subclades of K2 (M526).[3] Poznik et al. 2016 therefore identified K2a (M2308), K-M2313 and NO (M214) as "parent", "child" and "grandchild" clades respectively. (While Poznik used the name "K2a1" for K-M2313, this has not been widely adopted – possibly because K2a1 has sometimes been used as an alternate name for other, less closely related haplogroups.) Poznik et al. also found that K-Y28301 – which has living members in India – is descended from K-M2313. The above findings by Poznik et al. were reiterated by the work of Moreno-Mayar et al. in 2018.[10]
As of 2018, authorities like the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) have not integrated the discoveries of Poznik et al.
There is evidence of at least two additional primary branches within K-M2308 (Poznik: K2a) and/or K-M2313 (Poznik: K2a1).
K2a K-M2308 (M2308, CTS11667) [3]
? "NO1~"[Note 5] (CTS707/M2306) [11]
K2a* has been found only in the paleolithic remains mentioned above:
As of 2016, two living males had been found to carry K-M2313(xNO-M214) – a British Asian who identifies as Telugu and an ethnic Malay sampled in Singapore.[3] Note that they were NOT tested for Y28299.
Basal examples of haplogroup NO* have not been identified.
Subclades of haplogroup NO include a majority of living males in East Asia, South East Asia and northern Eurasia.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018) |
K-Y28299(xY28301) has been found in a living male from India.[8]
K-Y28301, a subclade of K-Y28299, has been found in living individuals with their origins in Andhra Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh India.[8]
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.