Hawaii's 1st congressional district

Hawaii's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district is entirely on the island of Oahu, encompassing the urban areas of the City and County of Honolulu, a consolidated city-county that includes Oahu's central plains and southern shores, including the towns of Aiea, Mililani, Pearl City, Waipahu, and Waimalu. The district is smaller and more densely populated than the 2nd congressional district (which comprises the rest of the state). It is represented by Democrat Ed Case.

Hawaii's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative	Ed Case D–Kāneʻohe
Distribution	99.27% urban 0.73% rural
Population (2023)	723,269
Median household income	$102,320[1]
Ethnicity	49.9% Asian 17.5% Two or more races 14.8% White 7.9% Pacific Islander Americans 7.8% Hispanic 1.8% Black 0.4% other
Cook PVI	D+14[2]

History

When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large representative to Congress, pending the next United States census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. census, Hawaii gained a second U.S. representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its representatives at large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962, and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. representatives on January 2, 1963, upon the convening of the 88th Congress.

The 1st congressional district was created in 1971, when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large representatives statewide.

Election results from statewide races

^[3]

Year	Office	Result
2000	President	Al Gore 55% – George W. Bush 39%
2004	President	John Kerry 53% – George W. Bush 47%
2008	President	Barack Obama 70% – John McCain 28%
2012	President	Barack Obama 70% – Mitt Romney 29%
2016	President	Hillary Clinton 63% – Donald J. Trump 30%
2020	President	Joe Biden 64% – Donald J. Trump 35%

Composition

#	County	Seat	Population
3	Honolulu	Honolulu	989,408

Cities with 10,000 or more people

• Honolulu – 350,964
• East Honolulu – 50,922
• Pearl City – 45,295
• Waipahu – 43,485
• Mililani Town – 28,121
• 'Ewa Gentry – 25,707
• Kapolei – 21,411
• Mililani Mauka – 21,075
• 'Ewa Beach – 16,415
• Halawa – 15,016
• Ocean Pointe – 14,965
• Waimalu – 13,817
• Waipio – 12,082
• Aiea – 10,408

2,500-10,000 people

• 'Ewa Villages – 7,825
• Hickam Housing – 7,581
• Waikele – 7,509
• Waipi'o Acres – 5,531
• West Loch Estate – 5,523
• East Kapolei – 5,299
• Iroquois Point – 4,549

List of members representing the district

District established following the 91st Congress.

Member	Party	Years	Con- gress	Electoral history	District map
District created January 3, 1971
Spark Matsunaga (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977	92nd 93rd 94th	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.	1971–1981
Cecil Heftel (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 1977 – July 11, 1986	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th	Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii.
					1981–1983
					1983–1993
Vacant		July 11, 1986 – September 20, 1986	99th
Neil Abercrombie (Honolulu)	Democratic	September 20, 1986 – January 3, 1987		Elected to finish Heftel's term. Lost renomination.
Pat Saiki (Honolulu)	Republican	January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1991	100th 101st	Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Neil Abercrombie (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 1991 – February 28, 2010	102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th	Elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Resigned to run for Governor of Hawaii.
					1993–2003
					2003–2013
Vacant		February 28, 2010 – May 22, 2010	111th
Charles Djou (Honolulu)	Republican	May 22, 2010 – January 3, 2011		Elected to finish Abercrombie's term. Lost re-election.[4]
Colleen Hanabusa (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2015	112th 113th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
					2013–2023
Mark Takai (Aiea)	Democratic	January 3, 2015 – July 20, 2016	114th	Elected in 2014. Announced retirement,[5] then died.
Vacant		July 20, 2016 – November 14, 2016
Colleen Hanabusa (Honolulu)	Democratic	November 14, 2016 – January 3, 2019	114th 115th	Elected to finish Takai's term. Also elected to the next term in 2016. Retired to run for Governor of Hawaii.
Ed Case (Kāne'ohe)	Democratic	January 3, 2019 – present	116th 117th 118th	Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022.
					2023–present

Election results

1970 • 1972 • 1974 • 1976 • 1978 • 1980 • 1982 • 1984 • 1986 (Special) • 1986 • 1988 • 1990 • 1992 • 1994 • 1996 • 1998 • 2000 • 2002 • 2004 • 2006 • 2008 • 2010 (Special) • 2010 • 2012 • 2014 • 2016 (Special) • 2016 • 2018 • 2020 • 2022

1970

United States House of Representatives elections, 1970^[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Spark Matsunaga	85,411	72.89
	Republican	Richard K. Cockey	31,764	27.11
Total votes			117,175	100.0
	Democratic win (new seat)

1972

United States House of Representatives elections, 1972^[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Spark Matsunaga (incumbent)	73,826	54.70
	Republican	Fred W. Rohlfing	61,138	45.30
Total votes			134,964	100.0
	Democratic hold

1974

United States House of Representatives elections, 1974^[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Spark Matsunaga (incumbent)	71,552	59.32
	Republican	William B. Paul	49,065	40.68
Total votes			120,617	100.0
	Democratic hold

1976

United States House of Representatives elections, 1976^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cecil Heftel	60,050	43.64
	Republican	Fred W. Rohlfing	53,745	39.06
	Independents for Godly Government	Kathy Joyce Hoshijo	23,807	17.30
Total votes			137,602	100.0
	Democratic hold

1978

United States House of Representatives elections, 1978^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cecil Heftel (incumbent)	84,552	73.26
	Republican	William D. Spillane	24,470	21.20
	Libertarian	Peter David Larsen	4,295	3.72
	Aloha Democratic Party	Debra Figueroa	2,095	1.82
Total votes			115,412	100.0
	Democratic hold

1980

United States House of Representatives elections, 1980^[11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cecil Heftel (incumbent)	98,256	79.77
	Republican	Aloma Keen Noble	19,819	16.09
	Libertarian	Rockne H. Johnson	5,106	4.14
Total votes			123,181	100.0
	Democratic hold

1982

United States House of Representatives elections, 1982^[12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cecil Heftel (incumbent)	134,779	89.91
	Libertarian	Rockne H. Johnson	15,128	10.09
Total votes			149,907	100.0
	Democratic hold

1984

United States House of Representatives elections, 1984^[13]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cecil Heftel (incumbent)	114,884	82.73
	Republican	Will Beard	20,608	14.84
	Libertarian	Christopher Winter	3,373	2.43
Total votes			138,865	100.0
	Democratic hold

1986 (Special)

Hawaii's 1st congressional district special election, 1986^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie	42,031	29.88
	Republican	Pat Saiki	41,067	29.20
	Democratic	Mufi Hannemann	39,800	28.30
	Democratic	Steve Cobb	16,721	11.89
	Democratic	Louis Agard	566	0.40
	Nonpartisan candidate	Blase Harris	460	0.33
Total votes			140,645	100.0
	Democratic hold

1986

United States House of Representatives elections, 1986^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Pat Saiki	99,683	59.20
	Democratic	Mufi Hannemann	63,061	37.45
	Libertarian	Blase Harris	5,633	3.35
Total votes			168,377	100.0
	Republican gain from Democratic

1988

United States House of Representatives elections, 1988^[16]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Pat Saiki (incumbent)	96,848	54.71
	Democratic	Mary Bitterman	76,394	43.16
	Libertarian	Blase Harris	3,778	2.13
Total votes			177,020	100.0
	Republican hold

1990

United States House of Representatives elections, 1990^[17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie	97,622	60.00
	Republican	Mike Liu	62,982	38.71
	Libertarian	Roger Lee Taylor	2,107	1.29
Total votes			162,711	100.0
	Democratic gain from Republican

1992

United States House of Representatives elections, 1992^[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	129,332	72.87
	Republican	Warner Sutton	41,575	23.43
	Libertarian	Rockne H. Johnson	6,569	3.70
Total votes			177,476	100.0
	Democratic hold

1994

United States House of Representatives elections, 1994^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	94,754	53.62
	Republican	Orson Swindle	76,623	43.36
	Best Party of Hawaii	Alexandria Kaan	2,815	1.59
	Libertarian	Roger Lee Taylor	2,514	1.42
Total votes			176,706	100.0
	Democratic hold

1996

United States House of Representatives elections, 1996^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	86,732	50.37
	Republican	Orson Swindle	80,053	46.49
	Nonpartisan	Mark Duering	4,126	2.40
	Natural Law	Nick Bedworth	1,295	0.75
Total votes			172,206	100.0
	Democratic hold

1998

United States House of Representatives elections, 1998^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	116,693	61.56
	Republican	Gene Ward	68,905	36.34
	Natural Law	Nick Bedworth	3,973	2.10
Total votes			189,571	100.0
	Democratic hold

2000

United States House of Representatives elections, 2000^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	108,517	69.03
	Republican	Phil Meyers	44,989	28.62
	Libertarian	Jerry Murphy	3,688	2.35
Total votes			157,194	100.0
	Democratic hold

2002

United States House of Representatives elections, 2002^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	131,673	72.86
	Republican	Mark Terry	45,032	24.92
	Libertarian	James H. Bracken	4,028	2.23
Total votes			180,733	100.0
	Democratic hold

2004

United States House of Representatives elections, 2004^[24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	128,567	62.97
	Republican	Dalton Tanonaka	69,371	33.98
	Libertarian	Elyssa Young	6,243	3.06
Total votes			204,181	100.0
	Democratic hold

2006

United States House of Representatives elections, 2006^[25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	112,904	69.35
	Republican	Richard (Noah) Hough	49,890	30.65
Total votes			162,794	100.0
	Democratic hold

2008

United States House of Representatives elections, 2008^[26]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Neil Abercrombie (incumbent)	154,181	77.14
	Republican	Steve Tataii	38,104	19.06
	Libertarian	Li Zhao	7,591	3.80
Total votes			199,876	100.0
	Democratic hold

2010 (Special)

Hawaii's 1st congressional district special election, 2010^[27]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charles Djou	67,610	39.44
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	52,802	30.80
	Democratic	Ed Case	47,391	27.65
	No party	11 others	1,682	0.99
Total votes			171,417	100.0
	Republican gain from Democratic

2010

United States House of Representatives elections, 2010^[28]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	94,140	53.23
	Republican	Charles Djou (incumbent)	82,723	46.77
Total votes			176,863	100.0
	Democratic gain from Republican

2012

United States House of Representatives elections, 2012^[29]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa (incumbent)	116,505	53.47
	Republican	Charles Djou	96,824	44.44
		Blank Votes	4,467	2.05
		Over Votes	80	0.04
Total votes			217,876	100

2014

United States House of Representatives elections, 2014^[30]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mark Takai	93,390	51.2
	Republican	Charles Djou	86,454	47.4
		Blank Votes	2,366	1.3
		Over Votes	58	0.0
Total votes			182,268	100

2016 (Special)

Hawaii's 1st Congressional District (Vacancy)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	129,083	60.45
	Republican	Shirlene D. (Shirl) Ostrov	44,090	20.65
	Democratic	Angela Aulani Kaaihue	5,885	2.76
	Libertarian	Alan J.K. Yim	5,559	2.60
	Democratic	Kim Howard	4,259	1.99
	Democratic	Peter Cross	3,420	1.60
	Independent	Calvin Griffin	2,824	1.32
	Democratic	Javier Ocasio	1,893	0.89
	Independent	Yvonne Perry	1,050	0.49
	Independent	Peter H. Plotzeneder	328	0.15
		Blank votes	14,864	6.96
		Over votes	276	0.14
Total votes			213,531	100

2016

Hawaii's 1st Congressional District, 2016^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	145,417	68.09
	Republican	Shirlene D. (Shirl) Ostrov	45,958	21.52
	Libertarian	Alan J.K. Yim	6,601	3.09
	Independent	Calvin Griffin	4,381	2.05
		Blank votes	11,013	5.16
		Over votes	161	0.08
Total votes			213,558	100

2018

Hawaii's 1st congressional district, 2018^[32]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case	134,650	73.1
	Republican	Campbell Cavasso	42,498	23.1
	Libertarian	Michelle Tippens	3,498	1.9
	Green	Zach Burd	2,214	1.2
	Nonpartisan (United States)	Calvin Griffin	1,351	0.7
Total votes			184,211	100.0
	Democratic hold

2020

Hawaii's 1st congressional district, 2020^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case (incumbent)	183,245	72.02
	Republican	Ron Curtis	71,188	27.98
Total votes			254,433	100.0
	Democratic hold

2022

Hawaii's 1st congressional district, 2022^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case (incumbent)	142,742	73.7
	Republican	Conrad Kress	50,833	26.3
Total votes			193,575	100.0
	Democratic hold

See also

• United States portal
• Hawaii portal

• Hawaii's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present Archived April 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

1. "My Congressional District". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2024.
2. "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
3. Hawaii Office of Elections: Election results separated by year. Accessed February 11, 2015.
4. "Dems Pick Up Hawaii Seat". The Hill. November 3, 2010.
5. Kai-Hwa Wang, Frances (May 20, 2016). "Hawaii Congressman Mark Takai to Retire to Focus on Cancer Battle". NBC News. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
6. 1970 Election Results
7. 1972 Election Results
8. 1974 Election Results
9. 1976 Election Results
10. 1978 Election Results
11. 1980 Election Results
12. 1982 Election Results
13. 1984 Election Results
14. 1986 Special Election Results
15. 1986 Election Results
16. 1988 Election Results
17. 1990 Election Results
18. 1992 Election Results
19. 1994 Election Results
20. 1996 Election Results
21. 1998 Election Results
22. 2000 Election Results
23. 2002 Election Results
24. 2004 Election Results
25. 2006 Election Results
26. 2008 Election Results
27. 2010 Special Election Results
28. 2010 Election Results
29. "GENERAL ELECTION 2012 – State of Hawaii – Statewide" (PDF). State Of Hawaii Office of Elections. November 20, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
30. "GENERAL ELECTION 2014 – State of Hawaii – Statewide" (PDF). State Of Hawaii Office of Elections. November 18, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
31. "GENERAL ELECTION 2016 – State of Hawaii – Statewide" (PDF). State Of Hawaii Office of Elections. November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
32. "Statewide Summary" (PDF). Office of Elections. State of Hawaii. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
33. "GENERAL ELECTION 2020 – State of Hawaii – Statewide November 3, 2020 **FINAL SUMMARY REPORT**" (PDF). Hawaii Board of Elections. November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
34. "GENERAL ELECTION 2022 - Statewide - November 8, 2022" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2022.

21°19′22″N 157°54′21″W