Help:IPA/Russian
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Russian / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
![]() | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Russian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Russian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ru}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Russian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, like the articulation of the y sound in yes. In native words /j, ɕː, tɕ/ are always soft, whereas /ʐ, ʂ, ts/ are always hard.[1]
See Russian phonology and Russian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.
Consonants | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hard | Soft | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
b | ![]() |
boot | bʲ | ![]() ![]() |
beautiful | |
d | ![]() ![]() |
do | dʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
dew (UK) | |
dʐ[3] | ![]() |
jug | dʑ[3] | начди́в; ![]() |
jig | |
dz[3] | ![]() |
lads | dzʲ[3] | дзюдо́[1] | lad's young | |
f | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
fool | fʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
few | |
ɡ | ![]() ![]() |
goo | ɡʲ | ![]() |
argue | |
ɣ | ![]() ![]() |
loch (Scottish) but voiced | ɣʲ | трёх дете́й[2] | Loch Ewe (Scottish) but voiced | |
— | j | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
yes | |||
k | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
scar | kʲ | ![]() |
skew | |
l | ![]() |
pill | lʲ | ![]() ![]() |
failure | |
m | ![]() |
moot | mʲ | ![]() ![]() |
mute | |
n | ![]() |
noon | nʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
vinyard | |
p | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
span | pʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
spew | |
r | ![]() |
flapped or trilled r, like in Spanish | rʲ | ![]() ![]() |
flapped or trilled r, like in Spanish | |
s | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
soup | sʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
assume (for some dialects) | |
ʂ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
rush | ɕː | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
wish sheep | |
t | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
stand | tʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
stew (UK) | |
ts[3] | ![]() ![]() |
cats | tsʲ[3] | Цю́рих[1] | cat's young | |
tʂ[3] | ![]() |
chop | tɕ[3] | ![]() ![]() |
chip | |
v | ![]() |
voodoo | vʲ | ![]() ![]() |
view | |
x | ![]() ![]() |
loch (Scottish); ugh | xʲ | ![]() ![]() |
huge (for some dialects) | |
z | ![]() ![]() |
zoo | zʲ | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
presume (for some dialects) | |
ʐ | ![]() |
rouge | ʑː | ![]() |
prestige genre | |
Stressed vowels | ||||||
[-soft] | [+soft] | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
a | ![]() |
father | æ | ![]() ![]() |
pat (US) | |
ɛ | ![]() ![]() |
met | e | ![]() ![]() |
mace | |
ɨ | ![]() ![]() |
roses (for some dialects) | i | ![]() ![]() |
meet | |
o | ![]() ![]() |
chore | ɵ | ![]() ![]() |
foot | |
u | ![]() |
cool | ʉ | ![]() ![]() |
choose | |
Unstressed vowels | ||||||
[-soft] | [+soft] | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
ə | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
about | ə | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
lasagna | |
ɐ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
bud | ɪ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
bit | |
ɛ | тетра́эдр; поэте́сса[17] | met | ||||
ɨ | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
roses (for some dialects) | ||||
o | ![]() |
chore | ɵ | ма́чо; сёрфинги́ст[13][18] | foot | |
ʊ | ![]() |
pull | ʉ | ![]() ![]() |
youth | |
Suprasegmental | ||||||
IPA | Example | Explanation | ||||
ˈ | ![]() |
stress mark, placed before the stressed syllable | ||||
ː | ![]() |
consonant length mark, placed after the geminated consonant |