Henri Bénard
French physicist (1874–1939) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Henri Claude Bénard (25 October 1874 – 29 March 1939) was a French physicist, best known for his research on convection in liquids that now carries his name, Bénard convection. In addition, the historical surveys of both Tokaty[2] and von Kármán[3] both acknowledge that Bénard studied the vortex shedding phenomenon later named the Kármán vortex street, prior to von Karman's own contributions. Bénard specialized in experimental fluid dynamics, and the use of optical methods to study it. He was a faculty member at the universities at Lyon, Bordeaux, and finally the Sorbonne in Paris.[4]
Henri Claude Bénard[1] | |
---|---|
Born | (1874-10-25)25 October 1874 |
Died | 29 March 1939(1939-03-29) (aged 64) Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
Nationality | French |
Alma mater | École normale supérieure Collège de France |
Known for | Rayleigh–Bénard convection Bénard-Marangoni convection Kármán vortex street |
Spouse | Clémentine Olga Malhèvre |
Awards | Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur à titre militaire (1919) Bordin Prize (1929) Poncelet Prize (1939) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physics |
Institutions | University of Lyon University of Bordeaux University of Paris |
Thesis | Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide propageant de la chaleur par convection, en régime permanent (1901) |
Doctoral advisor | Éleuthère Mascart Marcel Brillouin |
Bénard defended his PhD thesis at the Collège de France on March 15, 1901 entitled "Les Tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide propageant de la chaleur par convection en régime permanent".
Bénard was elected President of the French Society of Physics (SFP) in 1929, following the presidency of Louis Lumière.[5] He was succeeded as President the next year by his friend and former teacher, Jean Perrin. In 1929 Bénard received the Bordin Prize for his work on vortices from the French Academy of Sciences.[6] After his death in 1939, his widow received the Poncelet Prize on his behalf, also from the French Academy of Sciences.[7]
A research center of the ERCOFTAC in Lyon is named after him.[8]