Horasan

Horasan, is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey.^[2] Its area is 1,740 km²,^[3] and its population is 36,519 (2022).^[1] The mayor is Hayrettin Özdemir (AKP).

Horasan
District and municipality
Map showing Horasan District in Erzurum Province
Horasan Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 40°02′23″N 42°10′16″E
Country	Turkey
Province	Erzurum
Government
• Mayor	Hayrettin Özdemir (AKP)
Area	1,740 km2 (670 sq mi)
Population  (2022)[1]	36,519
• Density	21/km2 (54/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code	25800
Area code	0442
Climate	Dfb

Horasan is located in the east of Erzurum Province, and borders the provinces of Ağrı and Kars.^{[citation needed]}

Etymology

Horasan is also one of the spellings of the Khorasan (or Greater Khorasan), which is a region in north east Iran with historical importance, and it is also the source of the name of the town as the first settlers of the town migrated from this region.

History

The most recent information on the history of Horasan is based on Atatürk University research and documentary producer Tekin Gün's notes, doing research at the district. It appears that the first traces of civilization in the district having remains of the Bronze Age point to the place's history from the year of 4000 B.C. Holding a strategic role in the East–West connection via the Silk Road, the location of Horasan is home to ancient settlements and was a scene to early civil advancements. It is predicted that Horasan is the origin of the Aryan people spreading to India and Iran. Various Turkic peoples under Göktürk and Hunnic rule, as well as the Mogols, immigrated to Horasan after the invasions of the Arabs and Genghis Khan. In following years, the land saw Roman, Assyrian, Urartu, Median and Persian, Sasani, Arabic and Byzantine invasions, according to written archives.^[4]

Composition

There are 87 neighbourhoods in Horasan District:^[5]

• Adnanmenderes
• Ağıllı
• Akçataş
• Akçatoprak
• Alagöz
• Aliçeyrek
• Aras
• Ardı
• Arpaçayır
• Aşağıaktaş
• Aşağıbademözü
• Azap
• Bahçe
• Bulgurlu
• Camiikebir
• Çamlıkale
• Çamurlu
• Çayırdüzü
• Çiftlik
• Dalbaşı
• Danişment
• Değirmenler
• Dikili
• Döllek
• Dönertaş
• Eğertaşlar
• Esentepe
• Fatih Sultan Mehmet
• Gerek
• Gündeğer
• Güzelyayla
• Hacıahmet
• Hacıhalil
• Harçlı
• Hasanbaba
• Hasanbey
• Haydarlı
• Hızardere
• Hızırilyas
• İğdeli
• Iğırbığır
• İncesu
• İnönü
• Kadıcelal
• Kalender
• Karabıyık
• Karacaören
• Karaçuha
• Karapınar
• Kaynarca
• Kazım Karabekir
• Kemerli
• Kepenek
• Kırık
• Kırkdikme
• Kırkgözeler
• Kırklar
• Kızılca
• Kızlarkale
• Küçükkonak
• Kükürtlü
• Mollaahmet
• Mollamelik
• Mümtazturan
• Muratbağı
• Pinarli
• Pirali
• Pirhasan
• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
• Saçlık
• Sekman
• Şerefiye
• Şeyhyusuf
• Tahirhoca
• Tavşancık
• Teknecik
• Yarboğaz
• Yaylacık
• Yazılıtaş
• Yeşildere
• Yeşilöz
• Yıldıran
• Yukarıbademözü
• Yukarıhorum
• Yukarıtahirhoca
• Yürükatlı
• Yüzören

Climate

Horasan has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb).^[6] Winters are very cold, with temperatures consistently below freezing. January, the coldest month, has an average temperature around −10 °C (14 °F).^[7] Summers are dry, with hot days and cool nights. Precipitation is fairly low year-round but peaks in spring.

Climate data for Horasan (1991–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−4.3 (24.3)	−1.9 (28.6)	5.9 (42.6)	14.5 (58.1)	20.0 (68.0)	25.6 (78.1)	30.2 (86.4)	30.9 (87.6)	26.1 (79.0)	18.7 (65.7)	9.1 (48.4)	−0.8 (30.6)	14.6 (58.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−10.2 (13.6)	−8.1 (17.4)	−0.3 (31.5)	7.4 (45.3)	12.4 (54.3)	17.0 (62.6)	21.1 (70.0)	21.4 (70.5)	16.3 (61.3)	9.7 (49.5)	1.6 (34.9)	−6.4 (20.5)	6.9 (44.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−15.2 (4.6)	−13.3 (8.1)	−5.6 (21.9)	1.2 (34.2)	5.4 (41.7)	8.3 (46.9)	11.9 (53.4)	11.9 (53.4)	6.8 (44.2)	2.1 (35.8)	−4.2 (24.4)	−11.1 (12.0)	−0.1 (31.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	18.23 (0.72)	20.42 (0.80)	35.69 (1.41)	52.39 (2.06)	67.98 (2.68)	38.87 (1.53)	23.03 (0.91)	17.87 (0.70)	17.65 (0.69)	34.67 (1.36)	25.42 (1.00)	24.62 (0.97)	376.84 (14.84)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	4.1	4.8	6.3	8.8	10.5	6.7	5.0	3.5	3.4	5.7	5.0	5.0	68.8
Average relative humidity (%)	76.2	75.4	69.9	61.5	61.2	55.4	50.0	47.5	50.2	62.2	70.0	77.0	63.1
Source: NOAA[7]

References

1. "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
2. Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
3. "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
4. "Horasan'ın Tarihi". Horasan Meslek Yüksekokulu. Atatürk Üniversitesi. March 05 2021. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
5. Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
6. "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
7. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Horasan". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 15 January 2024.