Hydrogen peroxide
Chemical compound (H₂O₂); simplest peroxide / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ball stick model of the hydrogen peroxide molecule | |||
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Hydrogen peroxide | |||
| Other names
Dioxidane Oxidanyl Perhydroxic acid 0-hydroxyol Dihydrogen dioxide Oxygenated water Peroxaan | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.878  | ||
| EC Number |
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| KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 2015 (>60% soln.) 2014 (20–60% soln.) 2984 (8–20% soln.) | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| H2O2 | |||
| Molar mass | 34.0147 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Very light blue liquid | ||
| Odor | slightly sharp | ||
| Density | 1.11 g/cm3 (20 °C, 30% (w/w) solution)[1] 1.450 g/cm3 (20 °C, pure) | ||
| Melting point | −0.43 °C (31.23 °F; 272.72 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 150.2 °C (302.4 °F; 423.3 K) (decomposes) | ||
| Miscible | |||
| Solubility | soluble in ether, alcohol insoluble in petroleum ether | ||
| log P | -0.43[2] | ||
| Vapor pressure | 5 mmHg (30 °C)[3] | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 11.75 | ||
| −17.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.4061 | ||
| Viscosity | 1.245 cP (20 °C) | ||
| 2.26 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
1.267 J/(g·K) (gas) 2.619 J/(g·K) (liquid) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−187.80 kJ/mol | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| A01AB02 (WHO) D08AX01 (WHO), D11AX25 (WHO), S02AA06 (WHO) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
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| Danger | |||
| H271, H302, H314, H332, H335, H412 | |||
| P280, P305+P351+P338, P310 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | Non-flammable | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
1518 mg/kg[citation needed] 2000 mg/kg (oral, mouse)[4] | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
1418 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[4] | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
227 ppm (mouse)[4] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)[3] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)[3] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
75 ppm[3] | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0164 (>60% soln.) | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds |
Water Ozone Hydrazine Hydrogen disulfide Dioxygen difluoride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue[5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use, and in higher concentrations for industrial use. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", decomposes explosively when heated and has been used as a propellant in rocketry.[6]
Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species and the simplest peroxide, a compound having an oxygen–oxygen single bond. It decomposes slowly into water and elemental oxygen when exposed to light, and rapidly in the presence of organic or reactive compounds. It is typically stored with a stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution in a dark bottle to block light. Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body. Enzymes that use or decompose hydrogen peroxide are classified as peroxidases.