The following events occurred in January 1938:
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- A new constitution went into effect in Estonia.[1]
- According to Japanese government an official confirmed report, 69 persons died, 92 persons were hurt when a roof and wooden structure of Kugaiza Cinema collapsed, due to heavy snowfall in Tokamachi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.[2]
- George VI gave out six peerages in the New Year Honours list. Gracie Fields and Harriet Cohen were both made Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[3]
- An automotive navigation system and audio brand, Pioneer, was founded as predecessor name was Fukuin Electronics Manufacturing in Tokyo, Japan.[page needed]
- The California Golden Bears defeated the Alabama Crimson Tide 13-0 in the 24th Rose Bowl.
- The Auburn Tigers beat the Michigan State Spartans 6-0 in the 4th Orange Bowl.
- The Santa Clara Broncos defeated the LSU Tigers 6-0 in the 4th Sugar Bowl.
- The Rice Owls defeated the Colorado Buffaloes 28-14 in the 2nd Cotton Bowl Classic.
- Born: Robert Jankel, coachbuilder, in London, England (d. 2005); Frank Langella, actor, in Bayonne, New Jersey
- Died: Alice Bailly, 65, Swiss painter
- Chinese officials in Canton threatened to carry out a scorched earth policy before surrendering the city to the Japanese.[4]
- Born: David Bailey, fashion and portrait photographer, in Leytonstone, England; Farouk El-Baz, Egyptian-born American space scientist, in Mansoura; Hans Herbjørnsrud, author, in Heddal, Norway; Goh Kun, politician, in Keijo, Korea; Dana Ulery, computer scientist, in East St. Louis, Illinois
- Died: Henry Victor Deligny, 82, French general
- The BBC made its first non-English broadcast, in Arabic. Listeners throughout the Middle East tuned in to a one-hour broadcast mostly consisting of a news bulletin on regional events. The audience reportedly expressed disappointment that the broadcast was not interspersed with love songs like Italy's programming was.[5][6]
- Egyptian Prime Minister Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha prorogued the fractious parliament for one month.[7] As the President of the Chamber read King Farouk's message of prorogation, the parliamentary deputies held a closed-door session in which they passed a motion of no-confidence against the government, 180-17. However, the government considered the motion illegal and ignored it.[5]
- U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered the annual State of the Union address to Congress. Acknowledging that the world was in a state of "high tension and disorder," the president stated that "we must keep ourselves adequately strong in self-defense." Roosevelt also called for legislation to "end starvation wages and intolerable hours" as "an essential part of economic recovery."[8]
- The musical play The Cradle Will Rock written by Marc Blitzstein and directed by Orson Welles made its Broadway debut at the Windsor Theatre.[9]
- The March of Dimes was founded.
- Italy announced a massive new naval construction program. Two battleships were to be constructed by 1941.[10][15]
- Born: Roland Topor, illustrator, writer and actor, in Paris, France (d. 1997)
- The United States House Committee on Ways and Means disclosed the salaries of all persons who made more than $15,000 in 1936. Alfred P. Sloan of General Motors was revealed to be the highest-paid CEO in the country, making $561,311. Gary Cooper was the highest-paid actor in Hollywood, making $370,214. Claudette Colbert was the top actress at $350,833.[16]
- Born: Bob Eubanks, television and radio personality and game show host, in Flint, Michigan; Vasyl Stus (d. 1985), poet and publicist, in Rakhnivka, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukrainian SSR (d. 1985)
- Died: Johnny Gruelle, 57, American artist, children's book author and creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy
- The Japanese captured the strategic port of Qingdao.[6]
- Born: Donald Knuth, computer scientist and mathematician, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Frank Mahovlich, ice hockey player, in Timmins, Ontario, Canada; Willie McCovey, baseball player, in Mobile, Alabama (d. 2018)
- Died: Ivan Kleymyonov, 39, Russian scientist (killed in the Great Purge)
- The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announced an expanded naval program and passed a war emergency measure allowing the Presidium to proclaim martial law or a state of war.[26]
- Died: Harold R. Atteridge, 51, American composer, librettist and lyricist; Paul Raphael Montford, 69, English sculptor
- While the Chinese government was still considering how to respond to the Japanese ultimatum, Japan announced it was ending diplomatic relations with China. In Japanese, this was known as the aite ni sezu ("absolutely no dealing") declaration.[20]
- Benny Goodman orchestra plays the famous jazz concert at Carnegie Hall in New York, USA.
- Austrian police raided Nazi headquarters in Vienna and uncovered plans of a Nazi coup. Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg refused to publish the documents because he feared they could antagonize Hitler.[35]
- Hermann Göring presented Hitler with a file on Werner von Blomberg's new wife, revealing her police record as a former prostitute who had also posed for pornographic photos. Hitler confronted Blomberg the same day and informed him that he could not continue as War Minister.[22][36]
- An intense display of the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights was witnessed across Europe, as far south as Gibraltar and parts of the United States.
- Born: Etta James, singer, in Los Angeles (d. 2012); Shotaro Ishinomori, manga artist, in Tome, Miyagi, Japan (d. 1998); Vladimir Vysotsky, singer-songwriter, poet and actor, in Moscow, USSR (d. 1980); Leiji Matsumoto, manga artist, in Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan (d. 2023)
- Werner von Blomberg resigned his post "for reasons of health" and returned to his honeymoon in Capri, Italy. Hitler had promised to return von Blomberg to his post once the controversy passed, but he was never recalled for duty.[22][38][39]
- The Honeymoon Bridge collapsed.[34]
- 15 people, including three army officers, were arrested in Greece for plotting to assassinate Ioannis Metaxas.[40]
- Experiencing great personal duress from the Blomberg–Fritsch Affair, Hitler cancelled plans to hold a special session of the Reichstag on Sunday to celebrate the fifth anniversary of coming to power. The official reason given was that the international situation made it an inopportune time to make any foreign policy statements.[36][41]
- Born: Nabih Berri, Lebanese politician, in Bo, Sierra Leone
- Died: Bernd Rosemeyer, 28, German racing driver (auto accident during a land speed record attempt)
[:ja:十日町映画館崩壊事故](Japanese language edition) Retribeted date on 31 August 2020.
Brewer, Sam (January 1, 1938). "George VI Hands Out 6 Peerages in New Year List". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
Darrah, David (January 4, 1938). "Britain's First broadcast to Arabs a Flop". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
"1938". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
"Egyptian Parliament Released for Minth by Premier's Order". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 3, 1938. p. 4.
Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications. p. 492. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
Matthäus, Jürgen; Roseman, Mark (2010). Jewish Responses to Persecution: 1933–1938. AltaMira Press. p. 448. ISBN 978-0-7591-1910-9.
Mitter, Rana (2013). Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937–1945. Mariner Books. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-547-84056-7.
Brewer, Sam (January 14, 1938). "Ulster, Uneasy Over De Valera, Calls Election". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 16.
Taylor, Edmond (January 19, 1938). "New Chautemps Cabinet Formed; Reds Left Out". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
Small, Alex (January 21, 1938). "Cairo Whoops it Up; 500,000 Hail New Queen". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
Garbarini, Alexandra (2011). Jewish Responses to Persecution: 1938–1940. AltaMira Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-7591-2041-9.
West, Nigel; Tsarev, Oleg (1999). The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives. Yale University Press. pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-0-300-07806-0.
Eubank, Keith (2004). The Origins of World War II, Third Edition. Harlan Davidson, Inc. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-118-81875-6.
Duffy, James P.; Ricci, Vincent (2011). Target Hitler: The Many Plots to Kill Adolf Hitler. Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-936274-03-1.
Robinson, Curtis B. (2011). Caught Red Starred: The Woolwich Spy Ring and Stalin's Naval Rearmament on the Eve of War. Xlibris Corporation. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4653-4042-9.