The Lovat River was a part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, one of the oldest trading routes passing through Rus'. The settlement was first mentioned in 1144[3] as Kholmsky pogost (Холмский погост).[citation needed] During the Middle Ages, the town, then a seat of the Princes of Kholm, withstood innumerable sieges by Lithuanians, Poles, and Swedes.
In 1777, it was elevated in status to that of an uyezd town[3] of Pskov Viceroyalty and given its present name.[citation needed] In 1796, it was transferred to Pskov Governorate.[3] In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October1, 1927, Kholmsky District was established, with the administrative center in Kholm.[11] Pskov Governorate was abolished as well and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[11] On June3, 1929, Velikiye Luki Okrug was transferred to Western Oblast.[12] On July23, 1930 the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[12] On January29, 1935, the district became a part of the newly established Kalinin Oblast.
During World War II, it was occupied by the Wehrmacht from August3, 1941 to February21, 1944, when it was liberated. It was the scene of the Kholm Pocket from January21 to May5, 1942. The town was completely ruined and even now its current population is only a third of the pre-war one.
During the Kholm Pocket, 1942Women transporting dead on sledges during the occupation of the town, May 1942
On July5, 1944, the district was included in newly established Novgorod Oblast, but already on August22, 1944 it was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[13] On October2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Kholmsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[14] On July29, 1958, it was transferred to Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.[3][14]
Kholm contains eight monuments classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[16] Seven of them are graves of and monuments to soldiers fallen in World War II, while the eighth one is an archaeological site.
In the dense woods and impracticable swamps to the west of Kholm lies the deserted Rdeysky Monastery.[17]
Kholm hosts the Kholmsky District Museum which was opened in 1983.[18]
Новгородская областная Дума.Областной закон№559-ОЗот11 ноября 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области», в ред. Областного закона №730-ОЗ от26 февраля 2015 г.«О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Новгородской области"». Вступил в силу1января 2006г. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №75, 23 ноября 2005 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma.Oblast Law#559-OZofNovember11, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law#730-OZ ofFebruary26, 2015 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast". Effective as ofJanuary1, 2006.).
Администрация Новгородской области.Постановление№121от8 апреля 2008 г. «Об реестре административно-территориального устройства области», в ред. Постановления №408 от4 августа 2014 г.«О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориального устройства области». Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №49–50, 16 апреля 2008 г. (Administration of Novgorod Oblast.Resolution#121ofApril8, 2008 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast, as amended by the Resolution#408 ofAugust4, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Novgorod Oblast. ).
Новгородская областная Дума.Областной закон№284-ОЗот7 июня 2004 г. «О наделении сельских районов и города Великий Новгород статусом муниципальных районов и городского округа Новгородской области и утверждении границ их территорий», в ред. Областного закона №802-ОЗ от31 августа 2015 г.«О внесении изменений в некоторые областные Законы, устанавливающие границы муниципальных образований». Вступил в силусо дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №86, 22 июня 2004 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma.Oblast Law#284-OZofJune7, 2004 On Granting the Status of Municipal Districts and Urban Okrug of Novgorod Oblast to the Rural Districts and the City of Veliky Novgorod and on Establishing the Borders of Their Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law#802-OZ ofAugust31, 2015 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as ofthe day following the day of the official publication.).
Новгородская областная Дума.Областной закон№353-ОЗот2 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории Холмского муниципального района, наделении их статусом городских и сельских поселений, определении административных центров и перечня населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений», в ред. Областного закона №216-ОЗ от1 марта 2013 г.«О внесении изменений в некоторые Областные законы, содержащие перечни населённых пунктов, входящих в состав территорий поселений». Вступил в силусо дня, следующего за днём официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Новгородские ведомости", №79, 8 декабря 2004 г. (Novgorod Oblast Duma.Oblast Law#353-OZofDecember2, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Within the Territory of Kholmsky Municipal District, on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements, on Establishing Their Administrative Centers, and on Compiling the Lists of Inhabited Localities Within the Settlement Territories, as amended by the Oblast Law#216-OZ ofMarch1, 2013 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Containing the Registries of the Inhabited Localities on the Territories of the Settlements. Effective as ofthe day following the day of the official publication.).
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