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This is a list of urban areas in the European Union with over 500,000 inhabitants as of 2022. The data comes from Demographia and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.[1][2] Demographia provides figures for urban areas (including conurbations),[1] while the UN DESA figures are a mix agglomerations, cities proper and metropolitan areas.[2] For comparison, Function Urban Area (FUA) population figures by Eurostat are also provided,[3] however, these measure the wider metropolitan areas.
Rank | Urban area | Image | State | Population (2023) (urban areas; Demographia)[1] | ESPON Population (Functional Urban Area)[4] | Population (UN)[2] | FUA population (metropolitan areas; Eurostat)[3] | Density (per km2; Demographia)[1] |
Annual growth rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Paris | France | 11,108,000 | 12,998,583 | 10,901,000 (agglomeration) | 13,125,142 (2020) | 3,893 | 1.83[5] | |
2 | Madrid | Spain | 6,798,000 | 5,263,000 | 6,497,000 (city proper) | 6,982,656 (2022) | 4,980 | ||
3 | Ruhr | Germany | 6,769,000 | 5,376,000 | N/A | N/A | 2,523 | ||
4 | Milan | Italy | 5,471,000 | 7,636,000 | 3,132,000 (metro) | 4,934,205 (2022) | 2,459 | ||
5 | Barcelona | Spain | 5,317,000 | 4,082,000 | 5,494,000 (city proper) | 5,093,585 (2022) | 4,959 | ||
6 | Berlin | Germany | 4,286,000 | 4,016,000 | 3,552,000 (city proper) | 4,979,867 (2021) | 3,134 | ||
7 | Naples | Italy | 3,653,000 | 3,714,000 | 2,198,000 (metro) | 3,303,711 (2022) | 3,544 | ||
8 | Athens | Greece | 3,309,000 | 3,761,000 | 3,156,000 (agglomeration) | 3,828,434 (2011) | 5,678 | ||
9 | Rome | Italy | 3,239,000 | 5,190,000 | 4,210,956 (metro) | 4,291,581 (2022) | 2,829 | ||
10 | Rotterdam–The Hague | Netherlands | 3,027,000 | 1,904,000 | N/A | 3,035,679 (2022) | 2,981 | ||
11 | Lisbon | Portugal | 2,832,000 | 2,591,000 | 2,927,000 (metro) | 3,049,222 (2023) | 2,979 | ||
12 | Budapest | Hungary | 2,407,000 | 2,523,000 | 1,759,00 (city proper) | 3,001,643 (2022) | 2,414 | ||
13 | Brussels | Belgium | 2,238,000 | 2,639,000 | 2,050,000 (metro) | 3,350,969 (2022) | 2,572 | 0.02[6] | |
14 | Cologne–Bonn | Germany | 2,218,000 | 3,070,000 | N/A | 3,005,728 (2021) | 2,845 | ||
15 | Stockholm | Sweden | 2,200,000 | 2,171,000 | 1,583,000 (agglomeration) | 2,308,143 (2018) | 2,598 | 0.58[6] | |
16 | Hamburg | Germany | 2,189,000 | 2,983,000 | 1,793,000 (city proper) | 3,421,692 (2021) | 2,753 | ||
17 | Munich | Germany | 2,112,000 | 2,665,000 | 1,504,000 (city proper) | 3,016,834 (2021) | 4,384 | 0.72[6] | |
18 | Bucharest | Romania | 2,097,000 | 2,064,000 | 1,821,000 (city proper) | 2,412,530 (2015) | 5,092 | 0.10[6] | |
19 | Frankfurt | Germany | 2,055,000 | 2,764,000 | n/a | 2,678,557 (2021) | 3,112 | ||
20 | Vienna | Austria | 2,030,000 | 2,584,000 | 1,901,000 (city proper) | n/a | 6,029 | 1.04[6] | |
21 | Warsaw | Poland | 2,028,000 | 2,785,000 | 1,768,000 (city proper) | 3,374,742 (2022) | 3,711 | ||
22 | Katowice | Poland | 1,903,000 | 3,029,000 | N/A | 2,417,386 (2022) | 2,615 | ||
23 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | 1,736,000 | 2,497,000 | 1,132,000 (agglomeration) | 2,915,114 (2022) | 3,565 | ||
24 | Copenhagen | Denmark | 1,650,000 | 2,350,000 | 1,321,000 (metro) | n/a | 2,922 | ||
25 | Valencia | Spain | 1,547,000 | 1,398,000 | N/A | 1,775,845 (2022) | 3,930 | 0.29[6] | |
26 | Turin | Italy | 1,492,000 | 1,601,000 | 1,786,000 (metro) | 1,712,372 (2022) | 3,919 | −0.16[6] | |
27 | Lyon | France | 1,424,000 | 1,669,000 | 1,690,000 (agglomeration) | 2,280,845 (2019) | 3,089 | 0.50[6] | |
28 | Marseille | France | 1,406,000 | 1,530,000 | 1,599,000 (agglomeration) | 1,879,601 (2020) | 2,041 | 0.46[6] | |
29 | Stuttgart | Germany | 1,397,000 | 2,289,000 | N/A | 2,531,040 (2020) | 2,931 | ||
30 | Dublin | Ireland | 1,386,000 | 1,477,000 | 1,201,000 (agglomeration) | 1,793,902 (2011) | 3,006 | 1.14[6] | |
31 | Porto | Portugal | 1,364,000 | 1,245,000 | 1,307,000 (agglomeration) | 1,316,989 (2023) | 1,715 | ||
32 | Lille | France, Belgium | 1,315,000 | 1,379,000 | 1,054,000 (agglomeration) | 1,515,061 (2020) | 2,489 | 0.50[6] | |
33 | Prague | Czech Republic | 1,240,000 | 1,669,000 | 1,292,000 (city proper) | 2,216,746 (2022) | 4,023 | −0.07[6] | |
34 | Helsinki | Finland | 1,146,000 | 1,285,000 | 1,279,000 (agglomeration) | 1,551,959 (2022) | 2,223 | 0.81[6] | |
35 | Seville | Spain | 1,138,000 | 1,180,000 | N/A | 1,556,975 (2022) | 4,185 | ||
36 | Sofia | Bulgaria | 1,087,000 | 3,174,000 | 1,272,000 (agglomeration) | 1,531,867 (2022) | 5,246 | 0.78[6] | |
37 | Antwerp | Belgium | 1,070,000 | 1,406,000 | 1,032,000 (metro) | 1,157,068 (2022) | 1,608 | 0.05[6] | |
38 | Toulouse | France | 946,000 | 832,000 | N/A | 1,470,899 (2020) | 1,864 | 0.72[6] | |
39 | Utrecht | Netherlands | 907,000 | 692,000 | N/A | 895,000 (2022) | 2,894 | ||
40 | Gdańsk | Poland | 874,000 | 993,000 | N/A | 1,223,884 (2021) | 2,909 | ||
41 | Nice | France | 871,000 | 1,082,000 | N/A | 618,489 (2019) | 1,868 | 0.52[6] | |
42 | Thessaloniki | Greece | 844,000 | 1,052,000 | N/A | 973,997 (2011) | 3,910 | 0.39[6] | |
43 | Bordeaux | France | 827,000 | 918,000 | N/A | 1,376,375 (2020) | 1,104 | 0.60[6] | |
44 | Łódź | Poland | 798,000 | 1,165,000 | N/A | 893,083 (2021) | 2,751 | ||
45 | Bilbao | Spain | 782,000 | 947,000 | N/A | 1,041,059 (2022) | 5,297 | ||
46 | Florence | Italy | 764,000 | 645,000 | N/A | 784,279 (2022) | 3,352 | ||
47 | Palermo | Italy | 747,000 | 861,000 | N/A | 986,721 (2022) | 4,241 | 0.12[6] | |
48 | Kraków | Poland | 744,000 | 1,236,000 | N/A | 1,489,912 (2021) | 3,503 | ||
49 | Hanover | Germany | 742,000 | 997,000 | N/A | 1,289,320 (2021) | 2,558 | ||
50 | Nuremberg | Germany | 720,000 | 1,443,000 | N/A | 1,181,541 (2021) | 3,055 | ||
51 | Zaragoza | Spain | 707,000 | 639,000 | N/A | 770,370 (2022) | 4,789 | ||
52 | Dresden | Germany | 698,000 | 882,000 | N/A | 965,353 (2021) | 2,567 | ||
53 | Málaga | Spain | 692,000 | 944,000 | N/A | 887,146 (2022) | 5,138 | ||
54 | Zagreb | Croatia | 691,000 | 1,153,255 | N/A | 1,161,259 (2022) | 3,706 | ||
55 | Catania | Italy | 687,000 | 707,000 | N/A | 643,274 (2022) | 2,550 | ||
56 | Gothenburg | Sweden | 629,000 | 759,000 | N/A | 1,021,831 (2018) | 2,198 | ||
57 | Poznań | Poland | 680,000 | 919,000 | N/A | 1,051,414 (2021) | 2,004 | ||
58 | Bergamo | Italy | 660,000 | 662,000 | N/A | 310,020 (2022) | 2,022 | ||
59 | Mannheim | Germany | 658,000 | 683,000 | N/A | n/a | 2,920 | ||
60 | Leipzig | Germany | 636,000 | 842,000 | N/A | 956,290 (2021) | 2,506 | ||
61 | Wrocław | Poland | 635,000 | 861,000 | N/A | 963,311 (2021) | 2,636 | ||
62 | Las Palmas | Spain | 619,000 | 640,000 | N/A | 630,900 (2022) | 2,879 | ||
63 | Riga | Latvia | 603,000 | 1,195,000 | N/A | 917,351 (2022) | 2,217 | ||
64 | Bremen | Germany | 599,000 | 1,077,000 | N/A | 1,046,897 (2021) | 2,161 | ||
65 | Nantes | France | 578,000 | 708,000 | N/A | 1,022,775 (2020) | 2,277 | ||
66 | Aachen | Germany | 571,000 | 672,000 | N/A | 594,324 (2020) | 2,080 | ||
67 | Vilnius | Lithuania | 550,000 | 680,000 | N/A | 716,856 (2021) | 1,966 | ||
68 | Genoa | Italy | 546,000 | 694,000 | N/A | 681,459 (2022) | 7,027 | ||
69 | Palma | Spain | 522,000 | 433,000 | N/A | 709,091 (2020) | 3,359 | ||
70 | Santa Cruz | Spain | 510,000 | N/A | 520,728 (2021) | 4,688 |
Urban area | Image | State | ESPON Population (Functional Urban Area)[4] | FUA population (metropolitan areas; Eurostat)[7] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aarhus | Denmark | 845,971 | ||
Oviedo–Gijón–Avilés | Spain | 844,000 | ||
Alicante–Elche–Elda | Spain | 793,000 | ||
Ostrava | Czech Republic | 709,768 | 713,812 (2017) | |
Bologna | Italy | 690,000 | 785,941 (2021) | |
Malmö | Sweden | 658,050 | 669,741 (2018) | |
Grenoble | France | 555,000 | 717,469 (2019) | |
Douai-Lens | France | 550,000 | ||
Toulon | France | 518,000 | 573,230 (2019) | |
Charleroi | Belgium | 489,264 | ||
Odense | Denmark | 485,672 | ||
Granada | Spain | 440,000 | 571,447 (2020) | |
Vigo | Spain | 413,000 | 547,151 (2020) | |
Montpellier | France | 801,595 (2019) | ||
Eindhoven | Netherlands | 771,263 (2021) | ||
Rennes | France | 755,668 (2019) | ||
Brno | Czech Republic | 727,759 (2017) | ||
Bari | Italy | 727,549 (2021) | ||
Heidelberg | Germany | 709,840 (2020) | ||
Rouen | France | 705,627 (2019) | ||
Augsburg | Germany | 684,705 (2020) | ||
Bratislava | Slovakia | 669,592 (2020) | ||
Kiel | Germany | 649,578 (2020) | ||
Murcia | Spain | 646,099 (2020) | ||
Catania | Italy | 640,088 (2021) | ||
Tallinn | Estonia | 609,515 (2021) | ||
Ghent | Belgium | 605,956 (2018) | ||
Venice | Italy | 552,414 (2021) | ||
Groningen | Netherlands | 543,707 (2021) | ||
Plovdiv | Bulgaria | 542,407 (2020) | ||
Padua | Italy | 535,922 (2021) | ||
Münster | Germany | 535,879 (2020) | ||
Erfurt | Germany | 524,565 (2020) | ||
Tours | France | 519,778 (2019) | ||
Verona | Italy | 517,271 (2021) | ||
Nancy | France | 510,306 (2019) | ||
Clermont-Ferrand | France | 507,479 (2019) |
Country | No. of cities |
---|---|
Germany | 19 |
France | 17 |
Spain | 15 |
Italy | 14 |
Poland | 7 |
Netherlands | 5 |
Belgium | 5 |
Czech Republic | 3 |
Portugal | 2 |
Sweden | 2 |
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