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Version history of the Linux kernel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article documents the version history of the Linux kernel.
Each major version – identified by the first two numbers of a release version – is designated one of the following levels of support:
Version | Original release date | Last release | Maintainer | EOL | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6.11 | 15 September 2024[3] | 6.11[4] | Linus Torvalds | ||
6.10 | 14 July 2024[5] | 6.10.11[6] | Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin | Named "Baby Opossum Posse"[7] | |
6.9 | 12 May 2024[1] | 6.9.10[6] | 27 July 2024[8] |
| |
6.8 | 10 March 2024[1] | 6.8.12[6] | 30 May 2024[11] | ||
6.7 | 8 January 2024[1] | 6.7.12[6] | 3 April 2024 | According to Linus Torvalds, "one of the largest kernel releases we've ever had"[12]
| |
6.6 | 30 October 2023[1] | 6.6.52[6] | December 2026 | 24th LTS release
| |
6.5 | 27 August 2023[1] | 6.5.13[6] | 28 November 2023[15] | ||
6.4 | 25 June 2023[1] | 6.4.16[6] | 13 September 2023[16] |
| |
6.3 | 23 April 2023[1] | 6.3.13[6] | 11 July 2023[20] |
| |
6.2 | 19 February 2023[1] | 6.2.16[6] | 17 May 2023[21] |
| |
6.1 | 11 December 2022[22] | 6.1.111[6]
6.1.106-cip27[23] |
December 2026[1]
August 2033[24] |
| |
6.0 | 2 October 2022[32] | 6.0.19[33] | January 2023[33] | ||
Legend: Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version |
Version | Original release date | Last release | Maintainer | EOL | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5.19 | 31 July 2022[37] | 5.19.17[38] | Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] | October 2022[38] |
|
5.18 | 22 May 2022[42] | 5.18.19[43] | August 2022[43] | ||
5.17 | 20 March 2022[51] | 5.17.15[52] | June 2022[52] | ||
5.16 | 9 January 2022[61] | 5.16.20[62] | April 2022[62] | ||
5.15 | 31 October 2021[67] | 5.15.167[6] | October 2026[1] | ||
5.14 | 29 August 2021[74] | 5.14.21[75] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | November 2021[75] | Used in RHEL 9.x and derivatives[76] (Redhat ignores LTS-Kernel, own kernel-backports) and SLE 15 SP4/openSUSE Leap 15.4 |
5.13 | 27 June 2021[77] | 5.13.19[78] | Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin | September 2021[78] | |
5.12 | 25 April 2021[80] | 5.12.19[81] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | July 2021[81] | Named Frozen Wasteland[82][83] |
5.11 | 14 February 2021[84] | 5.11.22[85] | May 2021[85] | Named "💕 Valentine's Day Edition 💕"[86] | |
5.10 | 13 December 2020[87] | 5.10.226[6]
5.10.223-cip51[23] |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] | December 2026[1][88] January 2031[24] |
21st LTS release; used in Debian 11 "Bullseye"[89]
3rd SLTS release (which CIP[90] is planning[24] to support until January 2031) Named "Dare mighty things"[91] |
5.9 | 11 October 2020[92] | 5.9.16[93] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | December 2020[93] | |
5.8 | 2 August 2020[94] | 5.8.18[95] | November 2020[95] | ||
5.7 | 31 May 2020[96] | 5.7.19[97] | August 2020[97] | ||
5.6 | 29 March 2020[98] | 5.6.19[99] | June 2020[99] | ||
5.5 | 26 January 2020[100] | 5.5.19[101] | April 2020[101] | ||
5.4 | 24 November 2019[102] | 5.4.284[6] | Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] | December 2025[1] | 20th LTS release, used in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4-rc2 is named Nesting Opossum[103] 5.4-rc5 is named Kleptomaniac Octopus[104] |
5.3 | 15 September 2019[105] | 5.3.18[106] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | December 2019[106] | |
5.2 | 7 July 2019[107] | 5.2.20[108] | October 2019[108] | 5.2-rc2 is named Golden Lions[109][110] 5.2 is named Bobtail Squid[111] | |
5.1 | 5 May 2019[112] | 5.1.21[113] | July 2019[113] |
| |
5.0 | 3 March 2019[115] | 5.0.21[116] | June 2019[116] | ||
Legend: Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained |
Version | Original release date | Last release | Maintainer | EOL | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.20 | 23 December 2018[117] | 4.20.17[118] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | March 2019[118] | Named Shy Crocodile[119] |
4.19 | 22 October 2018[120] | 4.19.322[6]
4.19.320-cip112[23] |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] | December 2024[1][121] January 2029[24] |
19th LTS release. Used in Debian 10 "Buster".[122] Second SLTS release (which CIP is planning[24] to support until January 2029), and first with ARM64 support.[123] Named "People's Front"[124] |
4.18 | 12 August 2018[125] | 4.18.20[126] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | November 2018[126] | Used in RHEL 8.x (Redhat ignores LTS-Kernel, own kernel-backports) |
4.17 | 3 June 2018[127] | 4.17.19[128] | August 2018[128] | Named Merciless Moray[129] | |
4.16 | 1 April 2018[130] | 4.16.18[131] | June 2018[131] | ||
4.15 | 28 January 2018[132] | 4.15.18[133] | April 2018[133] | Used in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS | |
4.14 | 12 November 2017[134] | 4.14.336[135] | Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] | January 2024[135] | |
4.13 | 3 September 2017[138] | 4.13.16[139] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | November 2017[139] | |
4.12 | 2 July 2017[140] | 4.12.14[141] | September 2017[141] | ||
4.11 | 30 April 2017[143] | 4.11.12[144] | July 2017[144] | ||
4.10 | 19 February 2017[145] | 4.10.17[146] | May 2017[146] | 4.10-rc5 was named Anniversary Edition[147] | |
4.9 | 11 December 2016[149] | 4.9.337[6] | Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] | January 2023[1][150] | 17th LTS release. Used in Debian 9 "Stretch".[151] Named Roaring Lionus[152][153] |
4.8 | 25 September 2016[154] | 4.8.17[155] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | January 2017[155] | |
4.7 | 24 July 2016[156] | 4.7.10[157] | October 2016[157] | ||
4.6 | 15 May 2016[160] | 4.6.7[161] | August 2016[161] | Named Charred Weasel[162] | |
4.5 | 13 March 2016[163] | 4.5.7[164] | June 2016[165] | ||
4.4 | 10 January 2016[166] | 4.4.302[167] 4.4.302-cip90[168] |
Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[1] (until February 2022[167]) Nobuhiro Iwamatsu & Pavel Machek[24] |
January 2027[24] | 16th LTS release, used in Slackware 14.2.[169] Canonical provided extended support until April 2021.[170] As the first kernel selected for Super Long Term Support (SLTS), the Civil Infrastructure Platform will provide support until at least 2026.[2] Used in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS |
4.3 | 1 November 2015[171] | 4.3.6[172] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | February 2016[173] | Named Blurry Fish Butt[174][175] |
4.2 | 30 August 2015[176] | 4.2.8[177] | December 2015[177] | Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.[178][179] | |
4.1 | 22 June 2015[180] | 4.1.52[181] | Sasha Levin[1][182] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[183] | May 2018[181] | 15th LTS release. 4.1.1 was named Series 4800[184] |
4.0 | 12 April 2015[185] | 4.0.9[186] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | July 2015[187] | |
Legend: Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained |
The jump from 2.6.x to 3.x wasn't because of a breaking update, but rather the first release of a new versioning scheme introduced as a more convenient system.[190]
Version | Original release date | Last release | Maintainer | EOL | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.19 | 8 February 2015[191] | 3.19.8[192] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | May 2015[192] | Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.[178][193] |
3.18 | 7 December 2014[194] | 3.18.140[195] | Greg Kroah-Hartman[196] (formerly Sasha Levin[197]) (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) | January 2017[198] | |
3.17 | 5 October 2014[203] | 3.17.8[204] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | January 2015[204] | |
3.16 | 3 August 2014[205] | 3.16.85[206] | Ben Hutchings[1][207] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) | Maintained until October 2014, then May 2016 to June 2020[206][1][208] | 13th LTS release. Was used in Debian 8 "Jessie".[209] Canonical provided extended support until April 2016.[178][210]
3.16.1 was named Museum of Fishiegoodies[211] |
3.15 | 8 June 2014[212] | 3.15.10[213] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | August 2014[213] | |
3.14 | 30 March 2014[215] | 3.14.79[216] | Greg Kroah-Hartman[1] | August 2016[216] | |
3.13 | 19 January 2014[219] | 3.13.11[220] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | April 2014[220] | Canonical provided extended support until April 2016.[178][221] Named One Giant Leap for Frogkind[222] (NASA LADEE launch photo)[223] Used in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS |
3.12 | 3 November 2013[224] | 3.12.74[225] | Jiří Slabý[1][226] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) | May 2017[226][225] | 11th LTS release, named Suicidal Squirrel[227] |
3.11 | 2 September 2013[228] | 3.11.10[229] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | November 2013[229] |
|
3.10 | 30 June 2013[232] | 3.10.108[233] | Willy Tarreau[1][234] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) | November 2017[233] |
RHEL 7.x |
3.9 | 28 April 2013[240] | 3.9.11[241] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | July 2013[241] | |
3.8 | 18 February 2013[246] | 3.8.13[247] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | May 2013[247] |
Named Unicycling Gorilla[251][252] |
3.7 | 10 December 2012[254] | 3.7.10[255] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | March 2013[255][256] | |
3.6 | 30 September 2012[260] | 3.6.11[261] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | December 2012[261] |
|
3.5 | 21 July 2012[263] | 3.5.7[264] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | October 2012[264] | Canonical provided extended support until April 2014.[178][265] |
3.4 | 20 May 2012[266][267] | 3.4.113[268] | Li Zefan[1][269] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) | October 2016[270] | 9th LTS release |
3.3 | 18 March 2012[271] | 3.3.8[272] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | June 2012[272] | |
3.2 | 4 January 2012[273] | 3.2.102[274] | Ben Hutchings[1][275] | May 2018[276] | 8th LTS release, used in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS[277] and optionally in 12.04 ESM,[278] Debian 7 "Wheezy" and Slackware 14.0.[1][275] Canonical promised to (at least) provide long-term support until April 2017;[178] Support has continued for months after. |
3.1 | 24 October 2011[280] | 3.1.10[281] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | January 2012[281] | 3.1 provided the base for real-time tree. 3.1-rc2 was named Wet Seal 3.1 was named Divemaster Edition[282] (Linus' diving activities) |
3.0 | 21 July 2011[190] | 3.0.101[283] | Greg Kroah-Hartman[284] | October 2013[283][284] | |
Legend: Old version |
Versions 2.6.16 and 2.6.27 of the Linux kernel were unofficially given long-term support (LTS),[288] before a 2011 working group in the Linux Foundation started a formal long-term support initiative.[289][290]
Version | Original release date | Last release | Maintainer | EOL | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.6.39 | 18 May 2011[291] | 2.6.39.4[292] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | August 2011[292] | Last stable release of the 2.6 kernel series |
2.6.38 | 14 March 2011[293] | 2.6.38.8[294] | June 2011[294] | Named Flesh-Eating Bats with Fangs[295] | |
2.6.37 | 4 January 2011[296] | 2.6.37.6[297] | March 2011[297] | ||
2.6.36 | 20 October 2010[298] | 2.6.36.4[299] | February 2011[299] | ||
2.6.35 | 1 August 2010[300] | 2.6.35.14[301] | Andi Kleen[302] | March 2012[302] | 6th LTS release 2.6.35.7 was named Yokohama |
2.6.34 | 16 May 2010[303] | 2.6.34.15[304] | Paul Gortmaker[305] | February 2014[304][305] | 5th LTS release It was named Sheep on Meth[306][307] |
2.6.33 | 24 February 2010[308] | 2.6.33.20[309] | Greg Kroah-Hartman[310] | November 2011[309] | |
2.6.32 | 2 December 2009[312] | 2.6.32.71[313] | Willy Tarreau[1][314] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[315][316] | March 2016[1] |
RHEL 6.x |
2.6.31 | 9 September 2009[319] | 2.6.31.14[320] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | July 2010[320] | |
2.6.30 | 9 June 2009[322] | 2.6.30.9[323] | October 2009[323] | 2.6.30-rc4–2.6.30-rc6 was named
Vindictive Armadillo[324][325] | |
2.6.29 | 23 March 2009[327] | 2.6.29.6[328] | July 2009[328] |
| |
2.6.28 | 24 December 2008[332] | 2.6.28.10[333] | May 2009[333] | ||
2.6.27 | 9 October 2008[338] | 2.6.27.62[339] | Willy Tarreau[340] (formerly Adrian Bunk,[341] and formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) | March 2012[341] | 2nd LTS release 2.6.27.3 was named Trembling Tortoise[342] |
2.6.26 | 13 July 2008[343] | 2.6.26.8[344] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | November 2008[344] | 2.6.26–2.6.27 was named Rotary Wombat[345] |
2.6.25 | 16 April 2008[346] | 2.6.25.20[347] | November 2008[347] | Named Funky Weasel is Jiggy wit it[348] | |
2.6.24 | 24 January 2008[349] | 2.6.24.7[350] | May 2008[350] | ||
2.6.23 | 9 October 2007[355] | 2.6.23.17[356] | February 2008[356] | ||
2.6.22 | 8 July 2007[358] | 2.6.22.19[359] | February 2008[359] | ||
2.6.21 | 25 April 2007[362] | 2.6.21.7[363] | August 2007[363] | ||
2.6.20 | 4 February 2007[366] | 2.6.20.21[367] | October 2007[367] |
| |
2.6.19 | 29 November 2006[371] | 2.6.19.7[372] | March 2007[372] | ||
2.6.18 | 20 September 2006[377] | 2.6.18.8[378] | February 2007[378]
2.6.18: RHEL 5.x |
||
2.6.17 | 17 June 2006[380] | 2.6.17.14[381] | October 2006[381] |
| |
2.6.16 | 20 March 2006[386] | 2.6.16.62[387] | Adrian Bunk[388] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[315] | July 2008[389][387] | |
2.6.15 | 2 January 2006[391] | 2.6.15.7[392] | Greg Kroah-Hartman | May 2006[392] |
|
2.6.14 | 27 October 2005[395] | 2.6.14.7[396] | January 2006[396] | ||
2.6.13 | 28 August 2005[399] | 2.6.13.5[400] | December 2005[400] | Named Woozy Numbat[401][402] | |
2.6.12 | 18 June 2005[403] | 2.6.12.6[404][405] | August 2005[404] | ||
2.6.11 | 2 March 2005[406] | 2.6.11.12[407] | June 2005[407] | ||
2.6.10 | 24 December 2004[408] |
| |||
2.6.9 | 19 October 2004[410] | ||||
2.6.8 | 14 August 2004[411] | ||||
2.6.7 | 16 June 2004[412] | ||||
2.6.6 | 10 May 2004[413] | ||||
2.6.5 | 4 April 2004[415] | ||||
2.6.4 | 11 March 2004[417] | ||||
2.6.3 | 18 February 2004[419] |
| |||
2.6.2 | 4 February 2004[421] | ||||
2.6.1 | 9 January 2004[423] | ||||
2.6 | 17 December 2003[425] | Linus Torvalds | December 2004[426] |
The 2.5 kernels were development kernels[431] | |
Legend: Old version |
Version | Original release date | Last release | Maintainer | EOL | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.4 | 4 January 2001[432] | 2.4.37.11[433] | Willy Tarreau (formerly Marcelo Tosatti) | December 2011[433] |
The 2.3 kernels were development kernels[431] |
2.2 | 26 January 1999[440] | 2.2.26[441] | Marc-Christian Petersen (formerly Alan Cox)[442] | Made unofficially obsolete with the 2.2.27-rc2[443][444] |
|
2.0 | 9 June 1996[449] | 2.0.40[450] | David Weinehall | officially made obsolete with the kernel 2.2.0 release[451] |
|
1.3 | 12 June 1995 | 1.3.100[453] | Linus Torvalds | EOL |
|
1.2 | 7 March 1995 | 1.2.13 |
| ||
1.1 | 6 April 1994 | 1.1.95 | |||
1.0 | 14 March 1994 | 1.0.9 |
| ||
0.99 | 13 December 1992 | 0.99.15j[462] | |||
0.98 | 29 September 1992 | 0.98.6[465] | |||
0.97 | 1 August 1992 | 0.97.6[467] | |||
0.96 | 22 May 1992 | 0.96c.2[471] | |||
0.95 | 8 March 1992 | 0.95c+[473] | |||
0.12 | 15 January 1992 | ||||
0.11 | 8 December 1991 |
|
First kernel where other people start making real contributions[478] | ||
0.10 | November 1991 |
First release where Minix isn't needed anymore[480] | |||
0.03 | October 1991[480] |
|
|||
0.02 | 5 October 1991 |
|
First "usable" release; for wider distribution[481] | ||
0.01 | 17 September 1991 | ||||
Legend: Old version |
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