This is a list of demonyms used to designate the citizens of specific states, federal district, and territories of the United States of America. Official English-language demonyms are established by the United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO);[1] however, many other terms are in common use.
List
Jurisdiction | Recommended by USGPO[1] | Alternatives | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Official | Unofficial | Archaic | Non-English | ||
Alabama | Alabamian | Alabaman[2] | |||
Alaska | Alaskan | Russian: аляскинец, romanized: alyaskinets[3] | |||
American Samoa | American Samoan | Samoan: Amerika Samoa | |||
Arizona | Arizonan | Arizonian[4] | Spanish: Arizonense | ||
Arkansas | Arkansan | Arkansasan, Arkansawyer,[5] Arkie[6] | |||
California | Californian | Prune Picker,[7][8][9][10][11][12] | Spanish: Californiano, californiana | ||
Colorado | Coloradan | Coloradoan[13][14] | |||
Connecticut | Connecticuter | Connecticotian,[15] Connecticutensian,[15] Connecticuteer,[15] Nutmegger [16] | |||
Delaware | Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken,[17] Muskrat[17] | |||
District of Columbia | Washingtonian | ||||
Florida | Floridian | Alligator,[18] Fly-Up-the-Creek[18] | Spanish: Floridiano, floridiana | ||
Georgia | Georgian | Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber[19] | |||
Guam | Guamanian | Chamorro: Tåotåo Guåhån | |||
Hawaii | Hawaii resident | Islander,[20] Kamaʻāina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[21] | Hawaiian: Kamaʻāina | ||
Idaho | Idahoan | ||||
Illinois | Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[22] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[23] | |||
Indiana | Hoosier | Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016),[1] Indianian (archaic)[24] | |||
Iowa | Iowan | Hawkeye[25] | |||
Kansas | Kansan | Grasshopper, Jayhawker, Sunflower[26] | |||
Kentucky | Kentuckian | Corncracker,[27] Kentuckyan | |||
Louisiana | Louisianian | Louisianan | French: Louisianais Spanish: Luisiano, luisiana | ||
Maine | Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster,[28] Mainiac,[29] Yankee (rare) | |||
Maryland | Marylander | ||||
Massachusetts | Massachusettsan | Bay Stater (official term used by state government) and Citizen of the Commonwealth (identifier used in state law)[30] | Massachusettsian,[31] Massachusite,[32][33] Masshole (derogatory[34] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[35]) | ||
Michigan | Michiganian | Michigander,[36] Wolverine,[37][38] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[39] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[39] | |||
Minnesota | Minnesotan | Minne | |||
Mississippi | Mississippian | ||||
Missouri | Missourian | Missouran | French: Missourien Spanish: Misuriano | ||
Montana | Montanan | ||||
Nebraska | Nebraskan | Bugeaters (fake) or Cornhuskers[40] | |||
Nevada | Nevadan | ||||
New Hampshire | New Hampshirite | New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman, Granite Stater, Granite Boys[41] | |||
New Jersey | New Jerseyan | New Jerseyite | |||
New Mexico | New Mexican | Spanish: Neomexicano, neomexicana, Neomejicano, neomejicana[42] | |||
New York | New Yorker | Knickerbocker[43][44] | Spanish: Neoyorquino, neoyorquina | ||
North Carolina | North Carolinian | Tar Heel, Tar Boiler[45] | Spanish: Norcarolino, norcarolina | ||
North Dakota | North Dakotan | Spanish: Nordakotense | |||
Northern Mariana Islands | Mariana Islander | Chamorro: Tåotåo Mariånas | |||
Ohio | Ohioan | Buckeye[46] | Ohian[47] | ||
Oklahoma | Oklahoman | Okie,[48] Sooner[49] | |||
Oregon | Oregonian | ||||
Pennsylvania | Pennsylvanian | Penn, Quaker, Pennamite[50] | Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsylvanier[51] | ||
Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | Boricua[52] | Spanish: Puertorriqueño, puertorriqueña | ||
Rhode Island | Rhode Islander | Swamp Yankee[53] | |||
South Carolina | South Carolinian | Sandlapper[54] | Spanish: Sudcarolino, sudcarolina | ||
South Dakota | South Dakotan | Spanish: Sudakotense | |||
Tennessee | Tennessean | Volunteer, Butternut[55] | Big Bender | ||
Texas | Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[56] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic) | Spanish: Texano, texanaSpanish: Tejano, tejana | ||
Utah | Utahn | Utahian, Utahan | |||
Vermont | Vermonter | Woodchuck[57] | |||
Virgin Islands | Virgin Islander | ||||
Virginia | Virginian | ||||
Washington | Washingtonian | ||||
West Virginia | West Virginian | Mountaineer | |||
Wisconsin | Wisconsinite | Badger,[58] Cheesehead,[59][60] Sconnie,[61] Wisconsonian, Wisconsese | |||
Wyoming | Wyomingite | Wyomese,[62] Wyomingian |
See also
- Demonym
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Cuba
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
References
External links
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