List of settlements in Illyria

This is a list of settlements in Illyria founded by Illyrians (southern Illyrians, Dardanians, Pannonians), Liburni, Ancient Greeks and the Roman Empire. A number of cities in Illyria and later Illyricum were built on the sites or close to the sites of pre-existing Illyrian settlements, though that was not always the case. Some settlements may have a double entry, for example the Ancient Greek Pola, Roman Pietas Julia, and some toponyms are reconstructed.

Albania

Identified sites

1

2

3a
3b

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

18

20a
20b

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

Identified places and settlements in Albania.

#	Settlement[note 1]	Habitation	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Ad Acroceraunia		Near Llogara Pass	40°16′52″N 19°27′20″E	[1]
2	Ad Quintum		Bradashesh	41°05′38″N 20°00′54″E	[2]
3	Akrolissos, Lissus		Lezhë	41°46′58″N 19°38′38″E	[3]
4	Amantia		Ploç	40°22′37″N 19°42′0″E	[1]
5	Antipatrea		Berat	40°42′0″N 19°57′0″E	[4]
6	Apollonia		Pojan	40°44′2″N 19°27′46″E	[1]
7	Aulon		Vlorë	40°28′0″N 19°29′0″E	[5]
8	Bushat		Bushat	41°58′1″N 19°31′59″E	[6]
9	Byllis		Hekal	40°32′25″N 19°44′15″E	[7]
10	Cerje		Cerje, Vlorë	40°16′11″N 19°41′13″E	[8]
11	Dimale		Krotinë	40°42′59″N 19°47′49″E	[9]
12	Dukat		Dukat	40°15′11″N 19°34′02″E	[10]
13	Epidamnos		Durrës	41°18′40″N 19°26′21″E	[11]
14	Gajtan		Gajtan	42°3′23″N 19°34′20″E	[12]
15	Grunas		Grunas	42°25′10″N 19°46′50″E	[13]
16	Kaninë		Kaninë	40°26′23″N 19°31′8″E	[14]
17	Kratul		Kratul	42°7′22″N 19°34′30″E	[12]
18	Kukës		Kukës	42°4′51″N 20°25′12″E
19	Lofkënd		Lofkënd	40°38′28″N 19°44′45″E	[15]
20	Hija e Korbit		Maliq	40°42′30″N 20°42′0″E	[16]
21	Margëlliç		Margëlliç	40°40′19″N 19°39′40″E	[14]
22	Mat		Mat	41°37′1″N 20°0′0″E
23	Matohasanaj		Matohasanaj	40°21′14″N 19°49′59″E	[17]
24	Nikaia		Klos	40°31′44″N 19°45′7″E	[18]
25	Nymphaion (sanctuary)		Selenicë	40°31′59″N 19°37′59″E	[19]
26	Nymphaion (harbour)		Shëngjin	41°48′50″N 19°35′39″E	[18]
27	Olympe		Mavrovë	40°24′32″N 19°35′28″E	[20]
28	Orikon		Orikum	40°19′23″N 19°27′7″E	[21]
29	Persqopi		Tirana	41°19′44″N 19°49′4″E
30	Pogradec		Pogradec	40°54′0″N 20°39′0″E	[22]
31	Rabije		Rabije	40°28′55″N 19°56′21″E	[23]
32	Redon		Cape of Rodon	41°35′2″N 19°27′0″E
33	Scampa		Elbasan	41°6′40″N 20°4′51″E
34	Selcë e Poshtme		Selcë e Poshtme	40°58′59″N 20°31′1″E	[24]
35	Scodra		Shkodër	42°4′1″N 19°30′0″E	[25]
36	Tren		Tren	40°39′58″N 21°0′0″E	[26]
37	Triport		Triport, Vlorë	40°30′05″N 19°24′43″E	[27]
38	Zgërdhesh		Zgërdhesh	41°28′23″N 19°48′54″E	[6]

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Albanopolis		Zgërdhesh	[28]
Bargulum		Berat	[29]
Bassania		Pedhanë or Bushat	[30]
Boioi		On the shore of Ohrid	[31]
Chrysondyon		—	[32]
Creonion		—	[32]
Damastion		—	[33]
Enchelanae		On the shore of Ohrid, Pogradec Castle	[34]
Gertous		—	[32]
Kerax		On the shore of Ohrid	[34]
Kodrion		Kalaja e Irmajt near Gramsh Kodras Tac	[35]
Parthus		Berat	[36]
Pelion		Near Ohrid and PrespaPojan Korce	[37]
Sation		On the shore of Ohrid	[31]
Sesarethus		Near Ohrid and Prespa	[38]
Thronion		Triport, Vlorë; Kaninë	[39]
Uscana		—

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Identified sites

1

2

3

4

5

Identified places and settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

#	Settlement[note 1]	Description	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Arduba		Vranduk	44°17′34″N 17°54′14″E	[40]
2	Daorson		Near Stolac	43°4′59″N 17°58′0″E	[41]
3	Delminium		Tomislavgrad	43°43′0″N 17°14′0″E	[42]
4	Hedum Kastelum		Breza	44°1′11″N 18°15′53″E
5	Ošanjići		Ošanjići, Stolac	43°5′24″N 17°56′24″E	[43]

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Salvia		Near Bosansko Grahovo	[44]

Croatia

See also: Liburnia

Identified sites

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

Identified places and settlements in Croatia.

#	Settlement	Description	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Aenona		Nin	44°14′0″N 15°11′0″E	[45]
2	Aequum		Near Čitluk	43°45′0″N 16°38′0″E	[46]
3	Alvona		Labin	45°5′0″N 14°7′0″E	[47]
4	Andetrium		Muć	43°41′26″N 16°29′2″E	[48]
5	Apsorus		Osor	44°42′0″N 14°24′0″E
6	Arba		Rab	44°45′22″N 14°45′40″E
7	Argyruntum		Starigrad	44°17′43″N 15°26′17″E
8	Aspálathos		Split	43°30′36″N 16°27′0″E	[49]
9	Asseria		Near Podgrađe	44°0′36″N 15°40′4″E
10	Burnum		Near Kistanje	44°1′5″N 16°1′33″E	[50]
11	Colentum		Near Betina	43°49′22″N 15°36′17″E
12	Corinium		Near Benkovac	44°06′16″N 15°38′01″E	[51]
13	Crepsa		Cres	44°57′36″N 14°24′29″E
14	Curicum		Krk	45°1′0″N 14°34′0″E
15	Epetium		Stobreč	43°29′58″N 16°31′20″E	[52]
16	Epidaurum		Cavtat	42°34′46″N 18°13′15″E	[53]
17	Flanona		Plomin	45°8′16″N 14°10′51″E	[54]
18	Fulfinum		Near Omišalj	45°12′42″N 14°33′15″E	[55]
19	Iader or Idassa		Zadar	44°7′10″N 15°13′55″E
20	Issa		Vis	43°4′0″N 16°11′0″E	[56]
21	Lopsica		Sveti Juraj	44°55′32″N 14°55′8″E
22	Lumbarda		Lumbarda	42°55′19″N 17°10′12″E	[57]
23	Melaina Korkyra		Korčula	42°57′0″N 17°7′0″E	[56]
24	Mursa		Osijek	45°33′20″N 18°41′40″E
25	Narona		Momići	43°2′47″N 17°35′55″E	[58][59]
26	Nedinum		Nadin	44°4′27″N 15°29′53″E
27	Nesactium		Nesactium	44°55′0″N 13°58′11″E	[60]
28	Pharos		Hvar	43°8′0″N 16°44′0″E	[61]
29	Pola		Pula	44°52′0″N 13°51′0″E	[56]
30	Portunata		Novalja	44°33′0″N 14°53′0″E
31	Promona		Tepljuh	43°54′0″N 16°12′0″E	[62]
32	Salona		Solin	43°32′22″N 16°28′59″E	[63][64]
33	Senia		Senj	44°59′25″N 14°54′11″E
34	Tilurium		Near Trilj	43°36′41″N 16°42′57″E	[44]
35	Tragurion or Tragorium		Trogir	43°31′1″N 16°15′5″E	[65]
36	Varvaria		Bribir	43°44′0″N 15°51′0″E

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Nareste		Near Omiš	[66]
Oneum		Omiš	[66]
Pituntium		Podstrana	[66]
Saloniana		Imotski
Setovia		Sinj	[44]
Tariona		Near Grebaštica	[67]

Kosovo

See also: Dardania

Further information: Roman heritage in Kosovo

Identified sites

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Identified places and settlements in Kosovo.

#	Settlement[note 1]	Description	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Municipium Dardanorum		Soqanicë	43°3′17″N 20°48′36″E	[68]
2	Romajë		Romajë	42°17′31″N 20°35′34″E	[69]
3	Busavatë		Busavatë	42°34′49″N 21°32′36″E	[70]
4	Ulpiana		Ulpiana	42°35′47″N 21°10′31″E	[71]
5	Vindenis		Gllamnik	42°51′58″N 21°10′59″E	[72]
6	Vlashnjë		Vlashnjë	42°12′09″N 20°39′45″E
7	Topanicë		Topanicë	42°31′25″N 21°38′23″E	[73]
8	Dubovc		Dubovc	42°46′37″N 20°54′37″E	[74]
9	Dardana Fortress		Kamenica	42°35′33″N 21°33′49″E	[75]

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Theranda	Suhareka or Prizren

Montenegro

Identified sites

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Identified places and settlements in Montenegro.

#	Settlement[note 1]	Description	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Acruvium		Kotor	42°25′48″N 18°46′12″E	[76]
2	Anderba, Enderon		Nikšić	42°46′40″N 18°57′00″E	[77]
3	Buthoe		Budva	42°17′16″N 18°50′35″E	[6]
4	Doclea		Podgorica	42°28′5″N 19°15′54″E	[6]
5	Gostilj		Gostilj	42°29′13″N 18°41′56″E
6	Meteon		Medun	42°28′23″N 19°21′43″E	[6]
7	Oblun		Oblun	42°22′59″N 19°08′13″E	[6]
8	Perast		Perast	42°29′13″N 18°41′56″E
9	Rhizon		Risan	42°30′54″N 18°41′21″E	[6]
10	Samobor		Samobor	42°18′44″N 19°21′53″E	[6]
11	Stara Gradina		Stara Gradina	42°49′41″N 19°17′13″E	[6]
12	Ulkinion		Ulcinj	41°55′12″N 19°12′0″E	[6]

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Lontodocla		Along the Zeta River	[77]

North Macedonia

Identified sites

1

2

3

4

Identified places and settlements in North Macedonia.

#	Settlement[note 1]	Description	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Lychnidos		Ohrid	41°7′0″N 20°48′0″E
2	Oaeneon, Oaeneum		Tetovo	42°0′0″N 20°58′0″E
3	Scupi		Skopje	42°0′59″N 21°23′31″E	[78]
4	Trebeništa		Trebeništa, Debarca	41°12′23″N 20°45′18″E	[79]

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Damastion		—

Serbia

Identified sites

#	Settlement[note 1]	Description	Location	Geographic coordinates	Ref.
1	Navissos, Naissus		Niš	43°19′16″N 21°53′44″E	[80][81]

Unidentified sites

Settlement	Description	Proposed location	Ref.
Damastion		—

Illyrian settlements

• Epicaria of the Cavii^[82]
• Eugenium^[83] village or fort of the Partheni

Liburnian cities

• Gissa or Cissa – modern Caska near Novalja
• Pasinium – unknown position in Ražanac – Vinjerac – Posedarje range
• Sidrona of the Sidrini^[84]
• Scardona
• Tarsatica – Rijeka
• Ortoplinia or Ortopula – Stinica in Municipality of Senj
• Vegia or Vegium

Venetic cities

• Iramene^[85]
• Pellaon^[85]
• Palsatium^{[citation needed]}
• Atina, Istria^[85]
• Caelina^[85]
• Volcera^{[citation needed]}

Roman cities

• Gabuleus^{[citation needed]}
• Crevenia^{[citation needed]}
• Corragum^[86] fortress^[87]
• Clodiana^[88]
• Marusium^[88]

A very small part of the Roman province of Italia included Istria.

• Aruccia^[89]
• Arauzona^{[citation needed]}
• Arba, Scardona^[90][91]
• Aleta, Dalmatia^{[citation needed]}
• Berginium^{[citation needed]}
• Ausancali^{[citation needed]}
• Jader^[76]
• Herona^{[citation needed]}
• Senia, Liburnia^[76]
• Adra, Liburnia^{[citation needed]}
• Sicum^[92]
• Blanona, Liburnia^{[citation needed]}
• Siparuntum^[93]
• Ouporum^{[citation needed]}
• Iminacium^{[citation needed]}
• Stulpi^{[citation needed]}
• Ardotium^{[citation needed]} mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy to be at inland Liburnia
• Collentum^{[citation needed]}
• Tediastum^[89] inland Liburnia, along river Tedanius
• Curcum^[89]
• Vicianum^{[citation needed]}
• Velanis^{[citation needed]}

Mislocated

• Thermidava, placed by Ptolemy on the Lissus-Naissus route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day Banat, Serbia.^[94]
• Quemedava mentioned by Procopius in Dardania.

See also

• List of ancient tribes in Illyria
• List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
• Ancient geographic names in Croatia

Notes

1. Italics: the ancient names are unattested.

References

1. Wilkes 2000, p. 750.
2. de Matteis 2017, p. 12
3. Wilkes 2000, pp. 750, 753; Shpuza 2014, p. 106.
4. Cabanes 2008, p. 35; Mesihović & Šačić 2015, p. 47; Zindel et al. 2018, pp. 278, 280.
5. Wilkes 2000, p. 751; Papadopoulos 2016, p. 437.
6. Shpuza 2017, p. 42; Shpuza & Dyczek 2019, p. 101; Lemke, Shpuza & Wojciechowski 2021, p. 1.
7. Wilkes 2000, p. 751.
8. Ceka & Ceka 2017, p. 491; Çipa 2020, p. 216.
9. Wilkes 2000, p. 752; Muka & Heinzelmann 2014, p. 223.
10. Shpuza 2022, p. 553; Bodinaku 2001, pp. 97–100.
11. Wilkes 2000, p. 752.
12. Shpuza 2014, p. 106.
13. Tafilica, Baze & Lafe 2023, p. 70.
14. Ceka & Ceka 2017, p. 492; Çipa 2020, p. 216.
15. Bejko et al. 2015, p. 4; Zindel et al. 2018, pp. 375–376.
16. Zindel et al. 2018, pp. 375–376.
17. Ceka & Ceka 2017, p. 490.
18. Wilkes 2000, p. 754.
19. Wilkes 2000, p. 754; Bejko et al. 2015, p. 4; Papadopoulos 2016, p. 440; Larson 2001, p. 162.
20. Zindel et al. 2018, p. 332
21. Shpuza 2022, p. 553; Wilkes 2000, p. 754; Papadopoulos 2016, p. 437.
22. Doka & Qiriazi 2022, p. 241.
23. Ceka 2012, pp. 59–60.
24. Wilkes 2000, p. 755; Zindel et al. 2018, p. 401.
25. Wilkes 2000, p. 755; Shpuza 2017, p. 42.
26. Wilkes 1992, p. 18.
27. Volpe et al. 2014, p. 300; Bereti 1993, p. 143.
28. Wilkes 2000, p. 750; Shpuza 2017, p. 42.
29. Ceka 2009, p. 17
30. Šašel Kos 2005, p. 286; Nauka W Polsce 2018.
31. Jaupaj 2019, p. 75.
32. Cabanes 2008, p. 35; Mesihović & Šačić 2015, p. 47.
33. Wilkes 1992, p. 223; Wilkes & Fischer-Hansen 2004.
34. Jaupaj 2019, pp. 74–75; Doka & Qiriazi 2022, p. 241.
35. Morton 2017, p. 37
36. Ceka 2009, p. 7; Šašel Kos 2005, p. 282.
37. Winnifrith 2002, p. 282; Cabanes 2008, p. 35; Mesihović & Šačić 2015, p. 47.
38. Ujes 2002, p. 106.
39. Volpe et al. 2014, p. 300; Cabanes 2008, p. 171; Bereti 1993, p. 143; Wilkes 2000, p. 758; Papadopoulos 2016, p. 439.
40. Stipčević, Aleksandar, The Illyrians-History and Culture, 1974, Noyess Press
41. Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970-2001: papers in honour of J. J. Wilkes by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, Emilio Marin, 2006, page 21, "completely Hellenised town."
42. Wilkes 1992, p. 188
43. Boško 2011, p. 177.
44. Wilkes 1992, p. 190.
45. S. Čače, Broj liburnskih općina i vjerodostojnost Plinija(Nat. hist. 3, 130; 139–141), Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru, 32, Zadar 1993., pages 1–36
46. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister), " AEQUUM (Čitluk) Croatia, Yugoslavia. The Roman Colonia Claudia Aequum was situated 6 km N of Sinj. It was founded by the emperor Claudius sometime after AD 45 and settled with the veterans of Legio VII when they left the neighboring camp at Tilurium for Moesia."
47. Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 194, "By the early years of Augustus the inhabitants of Alvona the Alutrenses..."
48. Šašel Kos & Kos 2020: "Andetrium".
49. Wilkes 1992, p. 100.
50. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister), "BURNUM (Ivoševci by Kistanje) Croatia, Yugoslavia.The military camp of Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis situated over the gorge of the Krka (Titius) river just opposite the Dalmatian hill fort on the E river bank..."
51. Šašel Kos & Kos 2017, Places: 197225 (Corinium); Bagendon: a Belgic oppidum: a record of the excavations of 1954–56 – page 1 by Elsie M. Clifford – 1961 – "Chapter I the Bagendon Site the Identification of Corinium ... and was therefore called by the Roman Corinium"
52. Boršić, Džino & Radić Rossi 2021, pp. 19, 21
53. Wilkes 1992, p. 216
54. Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 195, "At Flavona the native population was well established and stood up better to the effects of italian settlement in the first century..."
55. Šašel Kos & Kos 2019, Places: 197280 (Fulfinium/Fertinium); The archaeology of Roman towns: studies in honour of John S. Wacher, ISBN 1-84217-103-8, page 235, by J. S. Wacher, Peter R. Wilson, 2003, "The reward was the status of Roman colony and an infusion of new settlers, granted either by Caesar himself [...] at Fulfinium and in the south on the"
56. Wilkes & Fischer-Hansen 2004.
57. Boršić, Džino & Radić Rossi 2021, pp. 19, 20
58. OxfordJournal, "There had been an emporion or trading post on the site from the 2nd century BC, Pola, now Pietas Julia..."
59. The Roman army, 31 BC-AD 337: a sourcebook – page 215 by J. B. Campbell, ISBN 0-415-07173-9, 1994, "The civilian colony of Narona had been founded at the end of Caesar's dictatorship..."
60. Wilkes 1992, p. 183.
61. Wilkes 1992, p. 114.
62. Wilkes 1992, p. 197.
63. Excavations at Salona, Yugoslavia, 1969–1972: conducted for the Department of Classics, Douglass College, Rutg, by Christoph W. Clairmont, 1975, ISBN 0-8155-5040-5, page 4, "If we are correct in our interpretation of the earliest finds from Salona, the emporion, even if very small, was a settlement in a strategic position..."
64. The Cambridge ancient history, Volume 10 by Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin, Andrew Lintott, page 845, "The colony of Salona on the Dalmatian coast used almost identical formulae in dedicating an altar of Jupiter Optimus Maximus..."
65. Croatia, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide Croatiaby Piers Letcher, 2005, ISBN 1-84162-113-7, page 225, "... History Trogir started out in the 3rd century BC; as Tragurion, an offshoot of the Greek colony of Issa (on Vis), ..."
66. Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 227, "In this area were three small communities of the Delmatae Pituntium(Podstrana) Nareste(Jenesice) and Oneum (Omis)..."
67. Miletić 2008, p. 61; Catani 2008, p. 77.
68. Wilkes 1992, p. 258.
69. Schermer, Shukriu & Deskaj 2011, p. 236.
70. Alaj 2019, p. 41.
71. The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams, ISBN 1-887829-34-2, 1997, page 100
72. Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar, Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Tiranë, 2009, fq. 2870 – 2871. ISBN 978-99956-10-32-6.
73. Alaj 2019, p. 51.
74. Alaj 2019, p. 65.
75. Alaj 2019, p. 91.
76. Wilkes 1992, p. 213.
77. Wilkes 1996, p. 577.
78. The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams, ISBN 1-887829-34-2, 1997, page 39, "...the colony at Scupi which lost its original title Domitiana after Domitians death..."
79. Theodossiev 1998, pp. 347–348.
80. "Nis, Britanica". Archived from the original on 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
81. The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae ... by Fanula Papazoglu, 1978, page 198, "... the Peutinger Table marks 40 miles from Naissus, on the Naissus-founded by Auielian..."
82. The classical gazetteer: a dictionary of ancient geography, sacred and profane by William Hazlitt, 1851, "Epicaria a town of the Cavii in Illyria."
83. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 8: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC by A. E. Astin, ISBN 0-521-23448-4, 1990, page 92
84. Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 216, "Little is known about Sidrona the city of the Sidrini."
85. Pliny's Natural History, Book 3, (C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III), Chap. 23. (19.) – Istria, Its People and Locality."In this district there have disappeared—upon the coast—Iramene, Pellaon, and Palsatium, Atina and Cælina belonging to the Veneti "
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94. Lepper 1988, p. 138:Stuart Jones noted the Dacian - sounding place - name ' Thermidava ' on the Lissus Naissus road : but see Miller col . 557, for the evidence on this. The place was most probably called ' Theranda ' and there is no evidence for any settlement there of pro-Roman Dacians now, nor is it very likely. (..) Most scholars, however, have supposed, as did Cichorius, that we are now north of the Danube, somewhere in the Banat area where the local inhabitants are frightened that they may lose their recently acquired 'liberty'.

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External links

• Media related to Illyria and Illyrians at Wikimedia Commons