List of massacres in Nigeria

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in over the past number of years in Nigeria (numbers may be approximate):

List

Political violence

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
Tiv Riots	1960-1964	Benue valley, Northern region, now Benue State	Unknown number of victims	Occurred during protests for the creation of Benue state from the Northern region[1]
1966 Anti-Igbo pogrom	July and August 1966	Northern Nigeria	8000-30,000[2]	Targeted killings of Igbo people in Northern Nigeria in revenge for the coup of January 15, 1966.[3]
Asaba massacre	1967-10-07	Asaba, Delta State	Up to 500 men[4]	Occurred during the Nigerian-Biafran War[5][6]
Ugep Massacre	1975-12-24	Ugep, Cross River State	65>	Occurred after soldiers accused towns people of murdering a drunk soldier[7]
Bakolori Massacre	1980-4-28[clarification needed]	Bakolori, Zamfara State	380	The government of the defunct Sokoto State wanted to build a dam in Bakolori, (Bakolori Dam) and offered to resettle the people. They refused and the police moved in to forcefully resettle them.[8]
Umuechem Massacre	1990-11-1	Umuechem, Rivers State	~85	After a protest at Shell's office by youths of the town demanding for electricity, water, roads and compensation following environmental degradation, the police moved in and massacred the town.[9]
Odi massacre	1999-11-20	Odi, Bayelsa State	43[10]-2,500[11]	Nigerian military attacked the village of Odi, as part of the Conflict in the Niger Delta.
2000 Kaduna riots	2000-02-21 to 2000-05-23	Kaduna	2,000[12][13]–5,000[14]	Religious riots between Christians and Muslims over the introduction of sharia law in Kaduna State, start of the religious riots phase of the Sharia conflict in Nigeria.
2001 Jos riots	2001-09-07 to 2001-09-17	Jos	500–5000[15]	Religious riots between Christians and Muslims.
Zaki Biam Massacre	2001-10-20 to 2001-10-24	Benue State	Over 200[16]	Attack by the Nigerian Army avenging the kidnapping and killing of 19 soldiers by suspected Tiv militia[17]
Miss World riots	2002-11-22	Kaduna	200+[18]	Inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in Kaduna, along with many houses of worship being burned by religious zealots. Cause: article in Thisday about the 2002 Miss World beauty contest (to be held in Abuja), in which Muslims took offence.
Yelwa massacre	2004-02 to 2004-05	Yelwa, Shendam and Kano	c. 975[19]	Religiously motivated killings between Christians and Muslims.
Muhammad cartoons crisis	2006-02-18	Maiduguri	50+[20]	The international crisis reached the Nigerian city of Maiduguri, in which over 50 people were killed and many buildings destroyed or damaged by rioting Muslims, outraged because of cartoons about Muhammad in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.
2008 Ogaminana massacre	2008-02-26	Ogaminana, Kogi State	over 50	...police descended on Ogaminana at 8.30 pm on February 26, killing and brutalizing mostly elderly men, women and children in a reprisal attack that has sent shock and outrage throughout the country.[21]
2008 Jos riots	2008-11-28,29	Jos	381[22]	Religious riots between Christians and Muslims over the result of a local election.
2009 Boko Haram uprising	2009-07	Maiduguri, Bauchi, Potiskum, Wudil	1,000+[23]	Militants killed over a thousand people between 26 and 29 July; during the violence[24]
2010 Jos riots	2010	Jos	992	Religious rioting[25]
2011 Abuja United Nations bombing	2011-08-26	Abuja	116[26]	312 injured; Boko Haram attacked a United Nations compound[26]
2011 Damaturu attacks	2011-11-04	Damaturu	100-150[27]	Islamic militants associated with Boko Haram attacked police stations and banks
December 2011 Nigeria clashes	2011-12	Maiduguri and Damaturu	68+[28]	Militants associated with Boko Haram clashed with security forces between 22 and 23 December
December 2011 Northern Nigeria attacks	2011-12-25	Madalla	41+[29]	73 injured;Militants bombed a Catholic church
January 5–6, 2012 Nigeria attacks	2012-01-05,06	Mubi, Yola, Gombi, and Maiduguri	37+[30]	Terrorists attacked communities; Boko Haram claimed responsibility
January 20, 2012 Nigeria attacks	2012-01-20	Kano	185[31]	Terrorists attacked government installations including police stations and barracks, Immigration offices etc.; Boko Haram claimed responsibility
April 2012 Kaduna bombings	2012-04-08	Kaduna	38[32]	Terrorists bombed a community[32]
June 2012 Kaduna church bombings	2012-06-07	Kaduna, Wusasa, and Sabon Gari	12[33]-19[34]	80 injured; Islamic terrorists bombed three churches
Deeper Life Church shooting	2012-08-07	Okene	19[35]	Militants attacked a community
December 2012 shootings in Northern Nigeria	2012-12-25	Abuja	27[36][37]	Militants attacked a community
2013 Baga massacre	2013-04-19,20	Baga, Borno	228+[38]	Identity of the perpetrators remains unclear; some blame the Nigerian military while others blame the Islamic terrorist group Boko Haram[39]
Yobe State school shooting	2013-07-06	Mamudo government secondary school	30[40]	Suspected Boko Haram terrorists killed at least 41 children and one teacher[41]
Gujba college massacre	2013-09-29	Gujba Yobe school	50[42]	At 1:00 a.m. suspected gunmen from Boko Haram entered the male dormitory in the College of Agriculture in Gujba, Yobe State, Nigeria, killing at least forty-four students and teachers.[40]
Kawuri massacre	2014-01-11	Konduga Local Government, Borno State	85[43]	Attack by Boko Haram
February 2014 Konduga massacre	2014-02-11	Konduga, Borno	39	About 39 people are believed to have been killed in an attack by Militants on a Nigerian town. Local residents said the attack on Konduga, Borno, lasted several hours, beginning shortly before sundown with the arrival of gunmen in 4x4 trucks. A mosque and more than 1,000 homes were razed to the ground, residents said.[44]
Federal Government College Buni Yadi attack	2014-02-25	Federal Government College Buni Yadi, Yobe State	59	Islamist gunmen killed 59 students at a boarding school in Yobe State.[45]
April 2014 Abuja attacks	2014-04-14	Bus Stand, Abuja, Nigeria	71	Two bombs exploded in a crowded bus station in the outskirts of Abuja, Nigeria.[46]
2014 Gamboru Ngala massacre	2014-05-06	Gamboru, Borno, Nigeria	300+[47]	Militants attacked at night and set houses ablaze. When people tried to escape, they were shot dead.[48]
Gwoza massacre	2014-06-02	Gwoza, Borno, Nigeria	200-300[49]	Boko Haram attack on Christian villagers
2014 Kano bombing	2014-06-23	Kano, Nigeria	200+	Dozens of people were killed in a bomb blast at Kano State School of Hygiene. The blast was attributed to militant group Boko Haram by the locals.[50]
Zaria Quds Day massacres	2014-07-25/26	Zaria, Kaduna State	34 [51]
2015 Baga massacre	2015-01-03,04,05,06,07	Baga, Borno	At least 100, over 2,000 "unaccounted for"
2015-2016 Killing of Biafran Protesters	2015-08-30 to 2016-02-09	Several including Onitsha and Aba, Igboland	80+	Over 80 protesters agitating for the secession of the Biafran region from Nigeria have been killed en masse by Nigerian security operatives, while more than 400 others have been arrested, detained or imprisoned[52]
2015 Zaria massacre	2015-12-12,13	Zaria, Kaduna State	700-1000	Nigerian army open fire on the Shiite minority when they were conducting a religious procession.[53][unreliable source?]
Lekki massacre	2020-10-20 6:50pm	Lekki Toll Gate, Lagos State	More than 12 dead, hundreds severely injured according to Amnesty International, disputed by government.[54][55] Also, few people were still missing days after the massacre. A development which backed up the claim by eyewitnesses that the army took some corpses after the shooting.	Nigerian army opened fire on peaceful protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate while they were peacefully seated, singing the National anthem and proudly waving their flags.
Koshebe massacre	2020-11-28	Jere, Maiduguri, Borno State	76	Boko Haram fighters massacred 76 farmers. The attacks were carried out in retribution for farmers cooperating with the Nigerian military.[56]

Bandit attacks

Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
May 5, 2019	Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State	23	23 people were killed in a retaliatory attack by bandits on Tunga and Kabaje villages in Kaura Namoda LGA, after the death of their suspected ally.[57][58]
June 8-9, 2019	Rabah, Sokoto State	25	Kalhu, Tsage and Geeri villages in Rabah LGA were attacked by bandits during the night. The attack went on till morning, killing 25 people.[59][60]
June 9, 2019	Maru, Zamfara State	16	16 people celebrating Eid al-Fitr were killed by unidentified bandits in Kanoma community of Maru LGA.[61][62]
June 9, 2019	Satiru, Sokoto State	18	Satiru village of Sokoto state was attacked by bandits, killing 18 people.[63][64]
June 9, 2019	Shiroro, Niger State	47 confirmed dead	Eight farming and herding villages in Shiroro LGA were attacked on 9 June by bandits, who also stole 525 cattle. Niger State Emergency Management Agency confirmed finding 47 corpses. Permanent Secretary of Niger State for cabinet and Security, Aliyu Isah Ekan, claimed only 12 have been killed.[65][63] Senator David Uamru had claimed 70 were killed.[66]
June 6, 2019	Shinkafi, Zamfara State	34	Police confirmed deaths of 34 people in a bandit attack on Tungar Kafau and Gidan Wawa in Shinkafi LGA.[67]
April 18, 2020	Katsina State	47	Mass murders and robberies in three locations.
May 3-5, 2020	Plateau State	4	Messiah College High School was closed due to COVID-19, but the attackers stormed the on-campus home of the school's leader. He was shot in the head, while his wife was shot in the back and his two children were shot in the feet. They survived the wounds.[68]
June 3, 2021	Kebbi state	88	Cattle thieves attacked seven villages killing 88 people.[69]
June 5, 2021	Oyo state	50	In Igangan village, a group of bandits invaded and killed 50 people.[70]
January 4-6, 2022	Zamfara State	200+	Bandits launched a campaign of massacres on civilians, resulting in heavy casualties.
April 10, 2022	Plateau State	150+	The 2022 Plateau State massacres are linked to the ongoing Nigerian bandit conflict.[71]
May 6, 2022	Zamfara State	48	Bandits attacked the villages of Damri, Sabon Garin and Kalahe in Zamfara, killing at least 48 people.[72][73] [74]

Herder-farmer conflicts and communal conflicts

Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Notes
June 25, 2018	Plateau State	86	Christian farmers and Muslim herders	Riots in Nigeria between Muslim herders and Christian farmers. Total 86 dead.[75]
October 19, 2018	Kaduna State	55	Christian Adara and Hausa Muslim youths	A market dispute led to the deaths of two people. In return a communal conflict erupted, Adaras attacked Hausa, killing dozens. The riots left a total of 55 people dead.[76]
January 16, 2019	Guma, Benue State	Unknown	Jukun and Tiv attackers	Many people were killed amidst a communal conflict between Jukun and Tiv people in Guma LGA of Benue State.[77][78]
January 28, 2019	Zamfara State	7 herders	Vigilantes	Seven herders were burnt by a team of vigilantes alongside their cows.[79]
February 4, 2019	Zamfara State	26	Herders (suspected)	7 villages in Zamfara State were attacked and 26 killed in suspected revenge for killing of seven herders a week before.[79]
February 10, 2019	Kajuru, Kaduna State	141 (130 Fulani and 11 Adara)	Fulani herdsmen and Adara militia	2019 Kaduna State massacre: Part of the communal violence leading up to the 2019 election. The government said 130 Fulani were killed,. 11 Adara were also killed. Miyetti Allah said 66 Fulani were buried and 65 remain missing.[80][81][82][83]
February 20, 2019	Ebete, Agatu, Kaduna State	17	Fulani herdsmen	17 people were killed in an attack by militants on Ebete in Agatu LGA of Benue State.[84][85]
February 26, 2019	Karamai, Kajuru, Kaduna State	40 Adara	Fulani herdsmen	At least 29 people were reported to be killed in an attack in Karamai community of Kajuru. The attack was suspected to be from Fulani in retaliation to the earlier violence where Fulani settlements were attacked. The governor confirmed a few days later that the death toll had risen to 40.[86][87]
March 2, 2019	Gwer West, Benue State	16 farmers	Fulani herdsmen	Herdsmen killed 16 in an attack on Gwer West LGA. The government blamed the attack on allegations of theft of cows by livestock guards made by the military. Residents said the herdsmen brought along many cattle and took over their lands for grazing after killing people.[88][89][90][91]
March 7, 2019	Bassa, Kogi State	20 Bassa Kwomu	Egburra Mozum militia	20 Bassa Kwomu were killed in an attack by an Egburra Mozum militia in Bassa LGA, Kogi State.[92][93]
March 10, 2019	Aungwan Barde, Kajuru, Kaduna State	16-35	Adara Militants	Police have put the death toll at 16 in attack by suspected militants. However, the Adara Development Association has claimed an upwards of 35 killed.[94]
March 10, 2019	Birnin Gwari, Kaduna State	17	Unknown	17 vigilantes were ambushed and killed by unidentified gunmen in the mainly Muslim area of Birnin Gwari as they stole cattle.[95][96][97]
March 11, 2019	Maro, Kajuru, Kaduna State	16-52 Adara	Fulani herdsmen	The police have put the death toll at 16 in an attack by suspected herdsmen in Kajuru. However, the Adara Development Association has claimed an upwards of 52 killed in Inkirimi and Dogonnoma villages in Maro. Another version of the attack by a source claimed 46 people were killed in Aungwan Gamu. The police have however not confirmed the claims.[98][94]
March 16, 2019	Nandu-Gbok, Sanga LGA, Kaduna State	10 Adara	Fulani herdsmen	10 people were confirmed killed in Nandu-Gbok village of Sanga LGA after an attack by suspected Fulani herdsmen. Residents suspect it is in revenge for an earlier attack where they say at least 11 cows and 28 sheep belonging to Fulani were slaughtered in the same area before the election.[99][100]
March 17, 2019	Biase, Cross Rivers State	4	Ikwo militias	Four people were killed in an attack on communities of Biase LGA of Cross River State by Ikwo warlords in revenge for burning down of their communities.[101][102]
March 18, 2019	Agatu, Benue State	Several Agbaduma people	Militia hired by Egba, Abogbe and Ologba	Several persons were killed during a communal conflict that erupted over ownership of lands. The police has stated that militiamen hired by Egba, Abogbe and Ologba people attacked the Okokolo area inhabited by Agbaduma people.[103][104]
March 19, 2019	Guma, Benue State	5-10	Militants	The Nigerian police have said five people were recorded as having died in a suspected herdsman attack in Tse Ioreleegeb village, part of Guma LGA of Benue State. The Guma LGA chairman has claimed 10 were killed[105][106]
March 19, 2019	Khana, Rivers State	5	Iceland group (suspected)	Five people were confirmed to have been killed by suspected Iceland group members in a cult attack on Kono Boue in Khana LGA. The cause is suspected to be retaliation for killing of their member.[107][108]
March 26, 2019	Jos North, Plateau State	5	Christian and Muslim youth	Intercommunal violence occurred between Christian and Muslim youth. According to a resident, after the discovery of two dead boys from Angwan Miango over the past week at the border between it and Rikkos, a Hausa community, the people went on reprisal killings against Muslims.[109][110] Five people were killed as a result in the ensuing clashes.[111] Arewa Christians and Indigenous Pastors Association, however, claimed deaths of 30 Christians.[112] Federal Government of Nigeria has introduce RUGA settlement to cub conflicts between the Herdsmen and Farmer in Plateau State.[113]
April 12, 2020	Tegina Kabata, Shiroro County	12	Militants	12 people killed during the wedding with five people captured including the bride and groom.[114]
December 20, 2021	Nasarawa State	50	Fulani herdsmen	2021 Nasarawa massacre: At least 50 Tiv civilians were killed in Nasarawa state,[115] due to Fulani herdersmen blaming Tiv farmers for the killings of a kinsman.[116]
May 5, 2022	Ondo State	50	ISWAP or Fulani herdsmen (disputed)	Over 50 people were killed in a massacre carried out in a Catholic Church on Pentecost Sunday.[117] The Government has blamed ISWAP for the murders, but locals suspect Fulani Herdsmen.

Literature

• Isaac Terwase Sampson, "Religious violence in Nigeria: Causal diagnoses and strategic recommendations to the state and religious communities", African Journal on Conflict Resolution (2012) p. 107-112.

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