London North Eastern Railway

This article is about the current train operating company. For the historical company, see London and North Eastern Railway.

London North Eastern Railway^[2] (LNER) is a British train operating company. It is owned by DfT OLR Holdings for the Department for Transport (DfT). The company's name echoes that of the London and North Eastern Railway, one of the Big Four companies which operated between 1923 and 1948.

London North Eastern Railway

InterCity 225 and Class 800 Azuma at York in October 2022
Overview
Franchise(s)	InterCity East Coast 24 June 2018 – present
Main region(s)	East of England East Midlands Greater London North East England Scotland Yorkshire and the Humber
Fleet size	12 Class 91 locomotives for 8 InterCity 225 sets 23 Class 800 Azuma sets 42 Class 801 Azuma sets
Stations called at	55
Stations operated	11
Parent company	DfT OLR Holdings for Department for Transport
Reporting mark	GR
Predecessor	Virgin Trains East Coast
Other
Website	www.lner.co.uk

v t e London North Eastern Railway
Legend
Inverness Carrbridge Aviemore Kingussie Newtonmore Blair Atholl Pitlochry Dunkeld & Birnam Perth Gleneagles Dunblane Stirling Falkirk Grahamston Aberdeen Stonehaven Montrose Arbroath Dundee Leuchars Kirkcaldy Inverkeithing Glasgow Central Motherwell Haymarket Edinburgh Waverley Dunbar Reston Berwick-upon-Tweed Alnmouth Morpeth Sunderland Newcastle Durham Darlington Middlesbrough Thornaby Northallerton Skipton Keighley Bradford Forster Square York Shipley Harrogate Horsforth Hull Paragon Brough Selby Leeds Wakefield Westgate Doncaster Retford Lincoln Newark Northgate Grantham Peterborough Stevenage London King's Cross

The route map for the May to December 2019 LNER timetable
The five daily Lincoln services, which are an extension of terminating services at Newark North Gate, will go live during the currency of this timetable^[1]

During June 2018, LNER took over the InterCity East Coast franchise, after the previous privately owned operator Virgin Trains East Coast (VTEC) returned it to the government following sustained financial difficulties. The DfT intended for the company to operate the franchise until a new public–private partnership could be established during 2020. However, in July 2019, it was announced that LNER had been given a direct-award to run these services beyond 28 June 2020, up until 25 June 2023,^[3] making it the longest franchise on the East Coast Main Line since Great North Eastern Railway (GNER).^[4] Early on, the integration of Great Northern services into LNER's operation after the expiration of the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise in 2021 was being actively considered as well.

LNER provides long-distance inter-city services on the East Coast Main Line to and from London; the principal destinations served are Leeds, York, Newcastle upon Tyne and Edinburgh. It directly manages 11 stations,^[5] while its trains call at 55 stations in total. LNER's initial rolling stock consisted of a fleet of InterCity 125 and InterCity 225 high speed trains that it had inherited from VTEC. During May 2019, the first batch of Class 800 bi-mode high speed multiple units, based on the Hitachi A-train platform, entered service, followed by the very similar Class 801 electric multiple units during September of that year. Branded by LNER as the Azuma, their introduction has permitted the InterCity 125 sets to be withdrawn from service entirely, along with most of the InterCity 225s. A limited number of InterCity 225 sets have been retained and continue to be regularly operated by LNER.

History

Background

During November 2017, the then Secretary of State for Transport, Chris Grayling, announced the early termination of the InterCity East Coast franchise in 2020, three years ahead of schedule; this action had followed persistent losses incurred by Virgin Trains East Coast (VTEC), the operator of the route. VTEC had been contracted to pay more than £2 billion in franchise premiums to the British government across the final four years of its contract.^[6][7]

In February 2018, the end date of the VTEC franchise was brought forward to mid-2018; the Department for Transport (DfT) had decided to either negotiate with VTEC for it to continue running the franchise on a temporary non-profit basis while a new franchise competition was conducted, or to arrange for VTEC be taken over by the DfT's operator of last resort.^[8][9][10] On 16 May 2018, it was announced that the latter option was now being pursued and as such, LNER would take over operations from VTEC on 24 June 2018.^[11][12] The DfT also announced that LNER would be the long-term brand applied to the InterCity East Coast franchise.^[13] During a speech in May 2018, the Secretary of State for Transport stated that Great Northern services could potentially be integrated into the operation when the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise expires in 2021 as part of the overall strategy for the East Coast franchise.^[14]

The setting up of LNER is the second occasion that a government-appointed operator of last resort has taken control of the InterCity East Coast franchise; between 2009 and 2015, the franchise had been operated by East Coast. It had taken over operations from National Express East Coast after that operator had defaulted on franchise payments to the government, and thus had its franchise taken away.^[15] East Coast had been the prior operator to VTEC being selected to take over the franchise.^[16]

Changes

A major aspect of LNER's vision for the franchise has been the rollout of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). David Horne, LNER's managing director, stated that digital signalling is necessary to unlock the full capabilities of its rolling stock, enabling drivers to continuously receive information in real time, yielding improvements in responsiveness, safety, and reliability over the traditional lineside signalling.^[17] The company has worked with Network Rail, the British government, and the trade unions on this endeavour, and has been heavily involved in the planning and preparatory works; it has also undertaken the training of its staff in readiness for its use.^[18]

By mid-2020, LNER had considerably curtailed its services in response to the significant decline of passenger travel amid the COVID-19 pandemic.^[19][20] From 15 June 2020, both passengers and staff on public transport in England, including LNER services, were required to wear face coverings while travelling, and that anyone failing to do so would be liable to be refused travel or fined.^[21][22]

LNER is one of several train operators impacted by the 2022-2024 United Kingdom railway strikes, which are the first national rail strikes in the UK for three decades.^[23] Its workers are amongst those who have voted in favour of taking industrial action due to a dispute over pay and working conditions.^[24][25] LNER appealed to the public not to use its services on the days of the strikes, as it was only capable of operating a minimal timetable on those dates because of the number of its staff involved.^[26][27]

In 2021 company has attempted to recast the East Coast Mainline timetable from the May 2022 timetable change, increasing the service between London and Newcastle to thrice hourly, and removing station stops on the current fast train to reduce journey times to 4 hours between London and Edinburgh, a feat currently only achieved once a day, by the Flying Scotsman from Edinburgh to London.^[28] This was later deferred to December 2024, and then further delayed until at least December 2025. ^[29]

LNER has consistently tried to implement fares reform on its routes. In 2023, return fares were abolished on most flows, with only singles being offered in each direction. This also coincided with the removal of the off-peak fare for flows from Kings Cross.^[30] In January 2024 LNER anounced a simpler fares trial for Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed and Edinburgh to London Kings Cross, scrapping the super off-peak fares, the regulated fare and a de facto cap on ticket prices, and replacing it with a 70 minute flex, a yield managed advance fare which allows customers to catch a train 70 minutes before or after their train. This left three fare tiers on these flows, with advance tickets being the cheapest but least flexible ticket, the 70 minute flex, and the anytime fare, the only fare guaranteed to be available.^[31] In September 2024, after well published loopholes being found to this trial, the trial was expanded to every station between Newcastle and Edinburgh.^[32]

Services

As of June 2024^[update], the off-peak weekday service pattern is as follows.^[33]

Regular services
Route	tph	Calling at
London King's Cross to Lincoln	1tp2h	Stevenage, Peterborough, Grantham, Newark Northgate
London King's Cross to York	1tp2h	Stevenage, Peterborough, Grantham, Newark Northgate, Retford, Doncaster
London King's Cross to Leeds	1	Peterborough, Doncaster, Wakefield Westgate
	1tp2h	Stevenage, Grantham, Doncaster, Wakefield Westgate
London King's Cross to Harrogate	1tp2h	Stevenage, Grantham, Doncaster, Wakefield Westgate, Leeds, Horsforth
London King's Cross to Edinburgh Waverley	1	York, Darlington, Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed A small number of services also call at Peterborough.
	1	Peterborough, Newark Northgate, Doncaster, York, Northallerton (1tp2h), Darlington, Durham, Newcastle, Alnmouth (1tp2h) Services alternate between calling at Northallerton and Alnmouth.
Irregular services
Route	tpd	Calling at
London King's Cross to Bradford Forster Square	2	Stevenage, Grantham, Retford (Bradford-bound only), Doncaster, Wakefield Westgate, Leeds, Shipley[lower-alpha 1]
London King's Cross to Skipton	1	Peterborough, Newark Northgate, Doncaster, Wakefield Westgate, Leeds, Shipley[lower-alpha 1] (London-bound only), Keighley[lower-alpha 1]
London King's Cross to Hull Paragon	1	Peterborough (Hull-bound only), Grantham, Newark Northgate, Doncaster, Selby, Brough An additional train from Hull Paragon terminates at Doncaster
London King's Cross to Middlesbrough	1	York, Thornaby
London King's Cross to Sunderland	1	Peterborough (London-bound only), York, Darlington, Durham, Newcastle
London King's Cross to Glasgow Central	1	Peterborough, Newark Northgate, Doncaster, York, Northallerton, Darlington, Durham, Newcastle, Alnmouth, Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket, Motherwell
London King's Cross/Leeds to Aberdeen	4	York, Darlington, Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket, Inverkeithing, Kirkcaldy, Leuchars, Dundee, Arbroath, Montrose, Stonehaven 1 train per day runs to/from Leeds instead of London King's Cross.
London King's Cross to Inverness	1	York, Darlington, Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Inverness-bound only), Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket, Falkirk Grahamston, Stirling, Gleneagles, Perth, Pitlochry, Kingussie, Aviemore
London King's Cross to Stirling	1	York, Darlington, Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket, Falkirk Grahamston

1. Served to pick up only southbound and set down only northbound

An expanded service to Lincoln began on 21 October 2019, when four terminating services at Newark Northgate were extended into Lincoln.^[34] This is in addition to the sole one train per day service, which in all, now provides five out and back workings to and from London King's Cross. LNER also planned for the December 2019 timetable change that a sixth return service to London from Lincoln would be introduced and five extra services on a Saturday would begin from 7 December 2019.^[35] From December 2019, LNER introduced a Harrogate to London service six times a day.^[36] LNER expected to introduce two-hourly services to Bradford and a daily service to Huddersfield by May 2020 when more Azuma trains had been introduced, however the latter has not yet been introduced.^{[37][38][clarification needed]}

During September 2018, a proposed service to Middlesbrough was announced, though the Rail Minister, Jo Johnson, informed Parliament that this proposal was dependent on the Azumas being brought into service on the ECML, in addition to other schemes then in progress, that would provide sufficient capacity to enable the service to run.^[39] This service commenced on 13 December 2021.^[40]

A 1tpd service to Cleethorpes as an extension of a Lincoln service is currently being explored.^[41]

Named services

Further information: List of named passenger trains of the United Kingdom

London North Eastern Railway operates a number of named passenger services.^[33]

Name	Origin	Destination	Calling at	Other details
Carolean Express	London King's Cross	Edinburgh Waverley	York, Darlington, Newcastle and Berwick-upon-Tweed.[42][43]	Runs from London to Edinburgh only. Named to commemorate the coronation of Charles III and Camilla.[44]
Flying Scotsman	Edinburgh Waverley	London King's Cross	Newcastle.[45]	Service began 1862 in both directions; named by LNER in 1924. Now Edinburgh to London and only stops at Newcastle for a driver/crew swap.
Highland Chieftain	London King's Cross	Inverness	York, Darlington, Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket, Falkirk Grahamston, Stirling, Gleneagles, Perth, Pitlochry, Kingussie, Aviemore, Inverness.[46]	The longest LNER route
Northern Lights	London King's Cross	Aberdeen	York, Darlington, Newcastle, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edinburgh Waverley, Haymarket, Inverkeithing, Kirkcaldy, Leuchars, Dundee, Arbroath, Montrose, Stonehaven, Aberdeen.[47]
West Riding Limited	Bradford Forster Square	London King's Cross	Shipley, Leeds, Wakefield Westgate.	Operates from Bradford to London only.

Rolling stock

Three generations of East Coast Main Line trains at York. A Class 43 InterCity 125 (left) with a Class 800 Azuma (centre) and a InterCity 225 (right)

At its commencement, LNER operated a fleet of diesel-powered InterCity 125 and electric InterCity 225 high speed trains that it had inherited from VTEC. Since September 2016, VTEC had also hired three Class 90s from DB Cargo for use on services to Newark, York and Leeds. LNER inherited these locomotives and retained them until June 2019 to cover for the shortage of Class 91 locomotives.^{[citation needed]}

During May 2019, the first batch of Class 800 new-build high speed trains began entering service, the very similar Class 801 trains also followed in September of that year. These units are based on the Hitachi A-train design and LNER retained the Azuma brand for the units which was originally designated by VTEC.^[48] The initial operation of these units allowed the InterCity 125 and InterCity 225 fleets to be replaced gradually. On 15 May, the first Azuma train to enter service, a nine-carriage Class 800/1, was operated on the Leeds route from King's Cross.^[49] Other subclasses of the Class 800 and 801 variants entered service afterwards; the first two five-carriage Class 801/1 sets entered service on 16 September, operating as a ten-carriage train; the first lot of five-carriage Class 800/2 sets entered service to coincide with the launch of the new King's Cross - Lincoln services on 21 October while the first two nine-carriage Class 801/2 sets entered service on 18 November.^{[50][51][52][53]} By May 2021, all units in the Azuma fleet had entered revenue service following unit 800109's return to service, which was the unit involved in the derailment at Neville Hill TMD in November 2019 and subsequently had to undergo repairs.^[54][55]

Following the withdrawal of the InterCity 125 fleet in December 2019, it was previously thought that the InterCity 225 fleet would be fully withdrawn by June 2020.^[56] However, on 29 January 2020, LNER announced that they would be retaining a limited number of the InterCity 225 fleet to deliver all of the benefits of their December 2021 timetable.^[57] In September 2020, Eversholt Rail Group (the train owner) and London North Eastern Railway extended their lease to ten units by 2023; additionally, there are options to extend the time frame up to 2024. These retained units have been subject to an overhaul performed at Wabtec's Doncaster plant.^[58][59] At the end of service on 15 January 2021, the remaining serviceable InterCity 225 sets went into storage temporarily as part of the East Coast Upgrade.^[60] Originally, the plan was to return the sets to service for 7 June 2021, however, the first set actually re-entered service on 11 May 2021 due to a number of Azuma sets having to be taken temporarily out of service for inspections and repairs where appropriate.^[61]

During June 2022, LNER unveiled its new livery, based on the traditional British Rail-era Intercity styling, on one of its remaining InterCity 225 sets.^[62]

In November 2023, LNER announced an order of 10 tri-mode multiple units from CAF to serve the ECML, including an 8-year maintenance agreement. The contract is valued at over €500 million and is financed by rolling stock company, Porterbrook. The trains will be able to run on 25kV 50 Hz electrification, battery and diesel power.^[63][64] In August 2024 it was announced that the trains would be called Class 897 under the TOPS classification system.^[65]

Current fleet

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Qty.	Carriages	Built
			mph	km/h
InterCity 225 trains
91		Electric locomotive	125	200	12	8 sets formed of 9 carriages each[66]	1988–1991
Mark 4		Passenger carriage			73		1989–1992
Driving Van Trailer		Control car			9		1989-1991
Hitachi AT300 Azuma trains
800/1		Bi-mode multiple unit	125	200[67]	13	9	2015-2018
800/2					10	5	2018
801/1		Electric multiple unit			12	5	2017-2020
801/2					30	9

Future fleet

In November 2023, LNER placed an order for 10 ten-car tri-mode (electric, diesel and battery power) Civity trains from CAF.^[63][64] In August 2024, it was announced that the units will be designated Class 897 under TOPS.^[65]

Past fleet

The entry into service of the Azuma fleet allowed all fourteen of LNER's HST sets to be withdrawn from service, with the last three sets working their final services with LNER on 15 December 2019.^[68] Nine of the sets transferred to East Midlands Railway, with two power cars from one set transferring to CrossCountry to supplement its existing five sets.^[69]

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Number	Built	Carriages
			mph	km/h
InterCity 125 trains (HSTs)
43		Diesel locomotive	125	200	32	1976–1982	14 sets formed of 9 carriages each
Mark 3		Passenger carriage			130	1975–1988
InterCity 225 trains
91		Electric locomotive	140	225	19	1988–1991	22 sets formed of 9 carriages each
Mark 4		Passenger carriage			198	1989–1992
Driving Van Trailer		Control car			22	1989–1991

Depots

LNER's fleet is stored and maintained at the following depots:

• Aberdeen Clayhills Carriage Maintenance Depot – managed by LNER
• Bounds Green TMD, London – managed by Hitachi
• Craigentinny TMD, Edinburgh – managed by Hitachi
• Doncaster Carr Rail Depot – managed by Hitachi
• Heaton TMD, Newcastle – managed by Northern
• Neville Hill TMD, Leeds – managed by Northern^[70]

References

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54. "Watch the moment damaged Azuma involved in depot crash passes through Leeds Station at walking pace". www.yorkshirepost.co.uk. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
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57. Railway, London North Eastern (29 January 2020). "If you're a fan of our IC225 trains, you can continue to enjoy them for a bit longer. We are retaining a number of them in order to deliver all of the benefits of our Dec 2021 timetable plans. Here is our favourite, For the Fallen, at York Station.pic.twitter.com/ry89sQ45JE". @LNER. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
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62. Holden, Michael (13 June 2022). "WATCH: LNER unveils new livery for Intercity 225 trains". railadvent.co.uk.
63. "First Tri-Mode Long Distance Trains For The East Coast Main Line". www.lner.co.uk. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
64. Holden, Michael (9 November 2023). "10 new Tri Mode trains for London North Eastern Railway". RailAdvent. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
65. "LNER CAF fleet to be Class 897". Headline News. Rail Express. No. 340. September 2024. p. 14.
66. "225 Operations". 225 Group. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
67. "Speed limiters for Hitachi fleets". Traction & Stock. The Railway Magazine. Vol. 168, no. 1457. August 2022. p. 92.
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70. Card-Jones, Heather (20 October 2021). "Northern now in full control of Leeds' Neville Hill depot". RailAdvent. Retrieved 7 April 2022.

External links

• Official website

Preceded by Virgin Trains East Coast

Operator of InterCity East Coast franchise 2018–2023

Succeeded by Incumbent