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Mass No. 1 in F major, D 105, is a Mass composed by Franz Schubert in 1814. It is scored for two soprano soloists, two tenor soloists, alto and bass soloists, SATB choir, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, 2 horns, violin I and II, viola, and basso continuo (cello, double bass and organ). It was the first of Schubert's Masses to be performed,[1] and is of the missa solemnis type.[2]
Mass No. 1 | |
---|---|
by Franz Schubert | |
Key | F major |
Catalogue | D 105 |
Form | Missa solemnis |
Composed | 1814 |
Performed | 25 September 1814 : Lichtental |
Movements | 6 |
Vocal | SATB choir and soloists |
Instrumental | orchestra and organ |
The Mass was composed for the centennial celebration of the parish church of Lichtental, now part of Vienna.[1] The Schuberts' family church, it is also known as Schubertkirche (Schubert church).[3] Schubert received an invitation to compose a Mass for the anniversary in May 1814.[4] The premiere was conducted on 25 September with an estimated 62 performers, a large contingent for contemporary performances.[4] The composer's brother Ferdinand played the organ, Michael Holzer served as choirmaster, Joseph Mayseder served as concertmaster, Therese Grob sang the soprano solo, and Schubert conducted.[5] Schubert's teacher Antonio Salieri may have attended the premiere; afterwards, he is said to have embraced his student with the words "der mir noch viele Ehre machen wird" ("You will bring me yet more honour").[6]
Ferdinand wrote that a second performance took place ten days later at St Augustine's Court Church, before a prestigious audience that may have included foreign dignitaries.[5]
Schubert's love for Therese Grob may have been kindled during the writing of this Mass.[7] The prominent first soprano solo, with its high tessitura, was designed to showcase her voice.[5][8]
Schubert composed an alternative Dona nobis pacem (formerly D 185) in April 1815. This may have been composed for a service during the public outcry over Napoleon's escape from Elba;[8] alternatively, it may have been for a second performance of the Mass at the Lichtental church on Trinity Sunday.[4] It replaces a shorter, less fugal section in the 1814 version.
The piece is divided into six movements. Performances require approximately 40 minutes. Notes are based on Schubert's 1815 revision.
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