Metope

For other uses, see Metope (disambiguation).

In classical architecture, a metope (/ˈmɛtəpi/; Ancient Greek: μετόπη) is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze,^[1] which is a decorative band of alternating triglyphs and metopes above the architrave of a building of the Doric order. Metopes often had painted or sculptural decoration;^[1] the most famous example are the 92 metopes of the Parthenon, some of which depict the battle between the Centaurs and the Lapiths. The painting on most metopes has been lost, but sufficient traces remain to allow a close idea of their original appearance.

Metope from the Parthenon marbles depicting part of the battle between the Centaurs and the Lapiths; 442–438 BC; marble; height: 1.06 m; British Museum (London)

In terms of structure, metopes may be carved from a single block with a triglyph (or triglyphs), or they may be cut separately and slide into slots in the triglyph blocks as at the Temple of Aphaea. Sometimes the metopes and friezes were cut from different stone, so as to provide color contrast. Although they tend to be close to square in shape, some metopes are noticeably larger in height or in width. They may also vary in width within a single structure to allow for corner contraction, an adjustment of the column spacing and arrangement of the Doric frieze in a temple to make the design appear more harmonious.

Ancient architecture

The triglyph frieze is part of the Doric order, found in ancient Greece in the 7th century BC, and was mainly used in temple architecture. But even later, the Doric order and with it the metopes were used as a structuring and decorative principle of order in Greek architecture. In the early days, the metopes were open and could contain vases or sacrificial skulls. Later, the free spaces were closed with panels made of different materials. These plates could be painted or provided with reliefs.^[2]

Gallery

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  Triglyphs and metopes from the Temple C (Selinus) at Selinus, c. 560 BC, in the Antonino Salinas Regional Archeological Museum (Palermo, Italy)
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  A metope (L) and triglyph (R) cut from one block from Stratos
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  Triglyph blocks with slots for the insertion of metopes in the Marmaria at Delphi
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  Metopes made from marble slotted into the frieze of the Stoa at Brauron
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  Section of metope frieze from a temple near Paestum, c. 510 BC
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  Metopes with sculptural decoration in the Doric frieze of the Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi
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  Frieze of the Temple of Aphaea with triglyphs slotted for metopes
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  The entablature of the Hephaisteion (temple of Hephaistos) in Athens, showing Doric frieze with sculpted metopes
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  Metope on a façade of the Château de Maisons-Laffitte from France, an example of French Baroque architecture, by François Mansart
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  Another metope of the Château de Maisons-Laffitte
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  Doric frieze of the Hôtel de Beauvais from Paris
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  Early 20th-century Americanized metopes, using bison in place of cow skulls (bucranium)

See also

• Classical order

References

1. Mish, Frederick C., ed. (1990) [1983]. Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary – Metope (Collector's ed.). Norwalk, Connecticut: The Easton Press with the permission of Merriam-Webster Incorporated. p. 748.
2. "Metope". Der Neue Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_dnp_e802840. Retrieved 26 March 2022.

• Robertson, D. S. (1929). Handbook of Greek and Roman Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

External links

• Media related to Metopes at Wikimedia Commons