Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan
Somali Jihadist and patriotic leader (1856–1920) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan (Arabic: محمّد عبد اللّه حسن: Somali: Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan; Osmanya script: 𐒉𐒖𐒕𐒕𐒘𐒆 𐒑𐒙𐒔𐒖𐒑𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒛𐒁𐒆𐒚𐒐𐒐𐒖𐒔 H𐒖𐒈𐒈𐒖𐒒: 7 April 1856 – 21 December 1920)[1] was a Somali religious, political, and military leader who founded and headed the Dervish movement, which led a Holy war against British, Italian, and Ethiopian empires in the Horn of Africa. He is regarded by many as the forefather of Somali nationalism.[2] Due to his successful completion of the Hajj to Mecca, his complete memorization of the Quran and his purported descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his name is sometimes preluded with honorifics such as Hajji, Hafiz, Emir or Sayyid.[3][4] His influence led some to refer to him as the Father of Somali nationalism.[5][6]
Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan | |
---|---|
Supreme Leader of the Dervish State | |
In office 21 April 1896 – 21 December 1920 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position destablished |
Personal details | |
Born | Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan (1856-04-07)7 April 1856 Sacmadeeq, Haud |
Died | (1920-12-21)21 December 1920 (aged 64) Iimey, Somali Region (Ogaden) |
Cause of death | Influenza |
Political party | Dervish movement |
Spouse | Hasna Doreh |
Occupation |
|
Known for | Supreme Leader of the Dervish movement, major figure of Pan-Somalism |
Title | "Mad Mullah", "Sayyid" |
Personal | |
Religion | Islam |
Denomination | Sunni |
Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
Tariqa | Salihiya |
In 1917, the Ottoman Empire referred to Hassan as the "Emir of the Somali".[7] He was famously known as the Mad Mullah. According to Douglas Jardine, this did not originate with the British or the Italians as is often thought, but is a translation of the Somali expression wadaad waal ("the Mullah that is a lunatic") used by Somalis in Berbera. A Somali poet at the time, Ali Jama Habil, composed a poem titled Maxamed Waal ("Mohamed the Lunatic")[citation needed]. According to apologist Said Sheikh Samatar the Somali word waalan covers a spectrum that ranges from sheer lunacy through "lunatic" valor to an other worldly inner serenity.[8]