NFE2L2
Human protein and coding gene / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), also known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2, is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene.[5] NRF2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein that may regulate the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation, according to preliminary research.[6] In vitro, NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins.[7] NRF2 induces the expression of heme oxygenase 1 in vitro leading to an increase in phase II enzymes.[8] NRF2 also inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome.[9]
NRF2 appears to participate in a complex regulatory network and performs a pleiotropic role in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, autophagy, proteostasis, mitochondrial physiology, and immune responses.[10] Several drugs that stimulate the NFE2L2 pathway are being studied for treatment of diseases that are caused by oxidative stress.[6][11]
A mechanism for hormetic dose responses is proposed in which Nrf2 may serve as an hormetic mediator that mediates a vast spectrum of chemopreventive processes.[12]