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Urdu poet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Muḥammad Nuṣrat (died 1674), called Nuṣratī ('victorious'),[1] was a Deccani Urdu poet.[2]
Nuṣratī was born in the Carnatic region into an elite Muslim family of Brahmin origin.[3] He lived as a Sufi dervish before moving to Bījāpūr.[2] There he was made a mansabdar under Sultan ʿAlī II (r. 1656–1672) of the ʿĀdil-Shāhī dynasty.[4] For his poem ʿAlī-nāma (c. 1665), he was named poet laureate (malik al-shuʿarāʾ).[5] He died at an old age in 1674[6] or 1683.[7]
Nuṣratī wrote in the Deccani variety of Urdu and Persian.[8] His poetry uses archaic language and a complex style.[2] He was a prominent practitioner of the qaṣīda, ghazal and especially mathnawī forms.[9] One of his earliest works, Miʿrāj-nāma, was written for Sultan Muḥammad ʿĀdil Shāh (r. 1627–1656).[10]
His most original work is the ʿAlī-nāma, an epic celebration of ʿAlī II's wars against the Mughals and Marathas.[11] It is the earliest panegyric of a ruler in Deccani.[4] Nuṣratī himself claimed to have invented a new poetic form with this work, which is "the only thing of its kind in Urdu".[12] It is patterned on the Persian Shāh-nāma.[13] Grahame Bailey calls it the greatest poem ever written at Bījāpūr.[10]
Nuṣratī's final poem, written in a similar vein, is Taʾrīkh-i Sikandarī (also called the Taʾrīkh-i Bahlol Khani), a celebration of Bahlol Khan's victory over Shivaji at the battle of Umrani in 1672. It was written for ʿAlī II's successor, Sikandar.[14] Unlike the ʿAlīnāma, written at the height of Bījāpūr's power, it is "largely in a minor key".[12] Other works of Nuṣratī's include Gulshan-i ʿishq (1658), a collection of odes and the lyric collection Guldasta-yi ʿishq.[15] Gulshan-i ʿishq is a highly conventional romance.[16]
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