P2RX4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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P2X purinoceptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX4 gene. P2X purinoceptor 4 is a member of the P2X receptor family.[5][6][7] P2X receptors are trimeric protein complexes that can be homomeric or heteromeric. These receptors are ligand-gated cation channels that open in response to ATP binding.[8] Each receptor subtype, determined by the subunit composition, varies in its affinity to ATP and desensitization kinetics.
The P2X4 receptor is the homotrimer composed of three P2X4 monomers.[5] They are nonselective cation channels with high calcium permeability, leading to the depolarization of the cell membrane and the activation of various Ca2+-sensitive intracellular processes.[9][10][11] The P2X4 receptor is uniquely expressed on lysosomal compartments as well as the cell surface.[12]
The receptor is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the epithelia of ducted glands and airways, in the smooth muscle of the bladder, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and arteries, in uterine endometrium, and in fat cells.[13] P2X4 receptors have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac function, ATP-mediated cell death, synaptic strengthening, and activating of the inflammasome in response to injury.[12][14][15][16][17][18]