Panteón de Marinos Ilustres
Building in Cádiz Province, Spain / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Pantheon of Illustrious Sailors (Spanish: Panteón de Marinos Ilustres) is a mausoleum and memorial to all the mariners of the Spanish Navy, especially prominent ones, and to the Spanish Navy and all its ships, battles and explorations in general. The term Pantheon is a concession to the generally prevalent and popular style of neoclassical architecture, which is supposed to have begun explicitly in the 18th century, but was in use long before then in the Renaissance, a "rebirth" of classical civilization, especially in decorative ornamentation.
Panteón de Marinos Ilustres | |
36°28′47″N 6°11′37″W | |
Location | Military reservation of San Carlos adjacent to the north of San Fernando, Cádiz, whether on the lands of the civilian community is a moot point. |
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Designer | Initially Francisco Sabatini |
Type | Initially intended as a parish church, it was abandoned 1805, restarted 1845 as the chapel of the new Spanish Naval Academy, converted to a mausoleum starting 1850. |
Material | Diverse materials: Wood, stone, metal, glass, concrete, and more |
Length | 88.57 metres (290.6 ft) |
Width | 37.5 metres (123 ft) |
Beginning date | 1786 |
Completion date | 1854 |
Dedicated to | Front inscription in Latin: OMNES.ISTI IN.GENERATIONIBUS GENTIS.SUAE GLORIAM.ADEPTI.SUNT ET.IN.DIEBUS.SUI HABENTUR IN.LAUDIBUS[1] Spanish translation: "Todos estos alcanzaron gloria en las edades de su nacion, y en sus dias son celebrados."[2] English translation: "All these were honoured in their generations, and were the glory of their times."[3] |
Website | "Panteón de Marinos Ilustres". |
The application of "Pantheon" in this case is entirely superficial. The building is composed of two layers: a Catholic church to which a cemetery has been added by enclosure and roofing. The church projects above the roof of the building, while the cemetery appears as projections off the nave. The philosophic term Pantheon comes from a different, polytheistic religion. Etymologically, it refers to a panoply of "all the gods." Christianity, however, is considered a monotheistic religion, despite the Trinitarian subdivision of divinity into three persons. As each person is fully God, and is not lessened by division, the Trinity is described as a mystery.
The application of the term to the building, however, is entirely architectural. The Spanish architects who assigned the term believed they were creating a type of building, which, in the 18th and 19th centuries, was termed a Pantheon, because of the central dome. The earliest extant instance of a large domed structure is the Pantheon of Rome. Originally a pagan temple, it utilized the principle of the arch to support a heaven-like surface over a public chamber, the rotunda. Geometrically a dome is an arch rotated about a central axis, so whatever load-bearing advantage an arch has is multiplied over the dome. The Roman Pantheon survived because it was quickly converted into a Christian church, like many other pagan public buildings. Domes became a standard feature of state and religious buildings thereafter. Their sudden labelling as Pantheons in the 18th century is no doubt a neoclassicism, and there are others, such as a few frontal columns. The architecture, however, is primarily church architecture, none of which dates to classical times.