Pigres of Halicarnassus

Pigres (Greek: Πίγρης), a native of Halicarnassus, either the brother or the son of the celebrated Artemisia, satrap of Caria. He is spoken of by the Suda as the author of the Margites and the Batrachomyomachia.^[1] The latter poem is also attributed to him by Plutarch^[2] and was probably his work.^[3] One of his feats was a very singular one, namely, inserting a pentameter line after each hexameter in the Iliad, thus: —

Μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος.

Μοῦσα· σὺ γὰρ πάσης πείρατ᾽ ἔχεις σοφίης.

Sing, goddess, of the ruinous wrath of Achilles, son of Peleus.

Muse, for you possess the means of all wisdom.

Bode (Gesch. der Hellen. Dichtkunst. i. p. 279) believes that the Margites, though not composed by Pigres, suffered some alterations at his hands, and in that altered shape passed down to posterity. Some suppose that the iambic lines, which alternated with the hexameters in the Margites, were inserted by Pigres. He was the first poet, apparently, who introduced the iambic trimeter. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. i. p. 519, &c.)

In Literature

Pigres is one of the many historical characters featured in Gore Vidal's novel Creation. In Vidal's depiction, Pigres was Artemisia's brother - excluded by her from succession to their father's throne, living in fear of her and taking up comic poetry as a refuge.

Notes

1. Suda π 1551. The author of the lemma "Pigres", however, makes the mistake^{[citation needed]} of conflating this Artemisia, the advisor of Xerxes in the Histories of Herodotus, with another Artemisia, the wife of Mausolus.
2. Plutarch, On the Malice of Herodotus 43.
3. SQUIRE, MICHAEL (2010). "Texts on the Tables: The "Tabulae Iliacae" in Their Hellenistic Literary Context". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 130: 67–96. doi:10.1017/S0075426910000741. ISSN 0075-4269. JSTOR 41722532. S2CID 162103910.

References

• Pigres from Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1867), from which this article was originally derived
• Suda On Line: Pigres^{[permanent dead link]}