Quadraceps

For the similarly spelled muscle, see Quadriceps.

Quadraceps is a genus of louse.^[2] They are ectoparasites of birds in the order Charadriiformes, and the genus was circumscribed in 1939 by Theresa Clay and Richard Meinertzhagen.^[1] Infestation is believed to increase the rate of nest desertion, lowers the success rate of baby birds hatching, reduces the number of birds in the clutch, and cause birds to attract fewer mates. All in all, the survival of the nestlings is lowered drastically. ^{[3] [4]}

Quadraceps
Q. separatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Psocodea
Family:	Philopteridae
Genus:	Quadraceps T. Clay & R. Meinertzhagen, 1939[1]
Type species
Philopterus (Nirmus) vanelli Denny, 1842

Species

Species include:^[2]

• Quadraceps charadrii (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Quadraceps hopkinsi Timmermann, 1952
• Quadraceps neoaustralis Emerson & Price, 1986
• Quadraceps separatus (Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902)

References

1. Clay, Theresa; Meinertzhagen, R. (1939). "Three new genera of Mallophaga from Charadriiformes". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 11. 4 (22): 453–454. doi:10.1080/00222933908527008.
2. "Quadraceps Clay, T.; Meinertzhagen, R.". phthiraptera.info. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
3. Clay, Theresa (1949). "Some problems in the evolution of a group of ectoparasites". Evolution. 3 (4): 279–299. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1949.tb00030.x. PMID 15396747. S2CID 39309234.
4. Moyer, Brett; Wagenbach, Gary (1995). "Sunning by Black Noddies (Anous minutus) May Kill Chewing Lice (Quadraceps hopkinsi)" (PDF). The Auk. 112 (4): 1073–1077. doi:10.2307/4089047. JSTOR 4089047.