Quantum tunnelling composite
Type of composite materials / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Quantum tunnelling composites (QTCs) are composite materials of metals and non-conducting elastomeric binder, used as pressure sensors. They use quantum tunnelling: without pressure, the conductive elements are too far apart to conduct electricity; when pressure is applied, they move closer and electrons can tunnel through the insulator. The effect is far more pronounced than would be expected from classical (non-quantum) effects alone, as classical electrical resistance is linear (proportional to distance), while quantum tunnelling is exponential with decreasing distance, allowing the resistance to change by a factor of up to 1012 between pressured and unpressured states.[1]
Quantum tunneling composites hold multiple designations in specialized literature, such as: conductive/semi-conductive polymer composite,[2] piezo-resistive sensor[3] and force-sensing resistor (FSR).[4] However, in some cases Force-sensing resistors may operate predominantly under percolation regime; this implies that the composite resistance grows for an incremental applied stress or force.