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Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ryanodine is a poisonous diterpenoid found in the South American plant Ryania speciosa (Salicaceae). It was originally used as an insecticide.
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Preferred IUPAC name
(1S,2R,2aS,2a1R,3S,3aS,6S,7R,7aR,9S,9aS)-1,2a,2a1,3a,7,9-Hexahydroxy-3,6,9a-trimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)dodecahydro-3,9-methanobenzo[1,2]pentaleno[1,6-bc]furan-2-yl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate | |
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MeSH | Ryanodine |
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C25H35NO9 | |
Molar mass | 493.553 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The compound has extremely high affinity to the open-form ryanodine receptor, a group of calcium channels found in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart muscle cells.[1] It binds with such high affinity to the receptor that it was used as a label for the first purification of that class of ion channels and gave its name to it.
At nanomolar concentrations, ryanodine locks the receptor in a half-open state, whereas it fully closes them at micromolar concentration. The effect of the nanomolar-level binding is that ryanodine causes release of calcium from calcium stores as the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, leading to massive muscle contractions. The effect of micromolar-level binding is paralysis. This is true for both mammals and insects.[2]
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