Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
Sharhorod
City in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Remove ads
Sharhorod (Ukrainian: Шаргород, IPA: [ˈʃɑrɦorod] ⓘ) is a small city located within the Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It served as the administrative center of the former Sharhorod Raion until its dissolution in 2020. Population: 6,982 (2022 estimate).[1]
Sharhorod also has a number of foreign names, such as Russian: Шаргород, Shargorod, and Polish: Szarogród.
Remove ads
History
Summarize
Perspective
Early history
Sharhorod was founded in 1585 by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth chancellor and hetman, Jan Zamoyski as a fortress. It was located very close to the border with the Ottoman Empire. Jan Zamoyski was known for establishing the Zamoyski family entail.
Sharhorod received city rights under Magdeburg law in 1588.[2] Zamoyski later was heavily involved in neighboring "Moldavian Ventures" and Sharhorod is located relatively close to Moldavia.
In the seventeenth century, because of its location along wine and cattle trading routes, Sharhorod emerged as one of the largest towns in Podolia. The Turks occupied Sharhorod between 1672 and 1699, when the town was called "Little Istanbul". During that time, the synagogue was converted into a mosque. In the nineteenth century, the town became a center of Jewish Hasidism.[3]
Rabbi Jacob Joseph of Polonne fled to Raşcov as a result of being exiled from Sharhorod. Having been the rabbi of Sharhorod for several years, Rabbi Jacob Joseph was expelled from his position on a Friday afternoon in 1748. In several of his responsa, which he wrote in Raşcov, he reveals the suffering which he had undergone.[4] He would later leave Raşcov after being appointed rabbi in Nemirov, a center of Hasidism, where he practiced daily fasting for five years, until the Besht came upon him.
From 1776 to 1792, the 7th Polish National Cavalry Brigade was garrisoned in Szarogród.[5]
Sharhorod was briefly described in a book titled: "Geographic Dictionary of Polish Kingdom and other Slavic places," published in Warsaw in Poland.[6]
World War II
In 1939, 1,660 Jews lived in Sharhorod, making up three quarters of the population. On July 22, 1941, German troops occupied Sharhorod. The soldiers harassed Jews and looted their property. Jews were forced to pay taxes and wear an armband with a Jewish star. In the fall of 1941, Sharhorod became part of the newly established Romanian "Transnistria Governorate" Five thousand Jews were deported from Bessarabia and Bukovina to Sharhorod. Compared to many other ghettos in Transnistria, especially smaller ones, living conditions were tolerable despite forced labor: there was a bakery, a soup kitchen for the poor, and a functioning administration; even the large synagogue was reopened. Many of the Jews in this ghetto died of disease, 1,449 from a typhus epidemic in early 1942, or were deported to labor camps, leaving only about 2,971 deported Jews (2,731 from Bukovina and 240 from Bessarabia) alive on September 1, 1943, though about 500 Jews originally from Dorohoi were relocated to the village of Capushterna in 1943, as a part of the relocation of 1,000 Jews to ten nearby villages.[7][8][9][10][11] Four Jews in Shargorod died because of typhus between October 1942 and February 1943.[12][13] Six Jews were executed on March 20, 1942, for leaving the ghetto without permission.[14] The number of local Transnistrian Jews in Shargorod was originally 1,800 in round numbers in late 1941.[15][16] The number was almost equally large on January 31, 1943, 1,800 in round numbers.[17][18] According to a survivor of the deportations from Suceava in Bukovina, Zeef Scharf, "There were very few victims among the local Jews because the typhus was a customary thing in these areas and almost all the locals had gotten natural immunity".[19] About 400 Jews fled to Shargorod from elsewhere, including the German-occupied area east of the Bug River, and were provided by the local Jewish committee with the necessary documents.[20]
According to the Yad Vashem database, the number of Jews who lived in Shargorod whose names are available, including the deportees, who died in the Holocaust was 2,652.[21] Out of these, 124 Jews whose names are listed in the Yad Vashem database had lived in Ukraine before the war.[22] Out of these, 93 had lived in Shargorod before the war, and some had been killed by the Germans before the arrival of the Romanians.[23] Before the war, 2,145 of those who died during the Holocaust in Shargorod had lived in Romania bofore the war according to the Yad Vashem database.[24] Out of them, 1,672 had lived in Bukovina before the war.[25] Out of these, 673 had lived in Suceava before the war, [26], while 566 had lived in Campulung Moldovenesc.[27] Moreover, 76 had lived in Bessarabia before the war,[28] while 301 had lived in Dorohoi and the adjacent localities.[29] Among the latter, many who died came from smaller towns in Dorohoi County and their adjacent villages, namely Darabani (58 dead)[30], Mihaileni (14 people)[31], and Saveni (9 people)[32]. Shargorod was one of the few localities in Transnistria where most Bessarabian Jewish deportees survived the Holocaust.
Remove ads
Religious buildings
Orthodox
There is the St. Nicolas Orthodox Monastery, which was founded in Shargorod in 1719, initially constructed in 1782, and finally built in 1806–1818.[33][34][35]
Catholic
There is the St. Florian Catholic Cathedral, which was opened in Shargorod on November 3, 1525.[34][35]
Jewish
There is the Synagogue, which was built in Shargorod in 1589.[34][36][35]
Culture
The international modern arts festival "Art-City: Shargorod" is conducted in Shargorod.[37][38]
Professional painters, amateur painters, art collectors and tourists from various countries like to attend the international modern arts festival "Art-City: Shargorod".[39]
Transportation
Railway transportation
The name of nearest railway station is the Yaroshenka railway station. The distance to the nearest railway station is 28 km.[40]
Automobile transportation
There is a bus station downtown. The distance to Zmerynka is 37 km. The distance to Bar, Ukraine is around 60 km. The distance to Vinnytsia is 80.8 km. The distance to Kyiv is 330 km.
Notable people
Jacob Joseph of Polonne, a Ukrainian rabbi and one of the first and most dedicated of the disciples of the founder of Chassidut, the Holy Baal Shem Tov.
Gallery
St. Florian Catholic church
Synagogue
Historic image of Sharhorod
Further reading
Tombstones Define Dying Shtetl in Ukraine, Los Angeles Times, 1997
References
External links
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads