Tetanus vaccine
Vaccines used to prevent tetanus / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is a toxoid vaccine used to prevent tetanus.[2] During childhood, five doses are recommended, with a sixth given during adolescence.[2]
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Target | Tetanus |
Vaccine type | Toxoid |
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MedlinePlus | a682198 |
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Routes of administration | injection |
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After three doses, almost everyone is initially immune,[2] but additional doses every ten years are recommended to maintain immunity.[3] A booster shot should be given within 48 hours of an injury to people whose immunization is out of date.[4]
Confirming that pregnant women are up to date on tetanus immunization during each pregnancy can prevent both maternal and neonatal tetanus.[2][5][6] The vaccine is very safe, including during pregnancy and in those with HIV/AIDS.[2]
Redness and pain at the site of injection occur in between 25% and 85% of people.[2] Fever, feeling tired, and minor muscle pain occurs in less than 10% of people.[2] Severe allergic reactions occur in fewer than one in 100,000 people.[2]
A number of vaccine combinations include the tetanus vaccine, such as DTaP and Tdap, which contain diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines, and DT and Td, which contain diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.[7] DTaP and DT are given to children less than seven years old, while Tdap and Td are given to those seven years old and older.[7][8] The lowercase d and p denote lower strengths of diphtheria and pertussis vaccines.[7]
Tetanus antiserum was developed in 1890, with its protective effects lasting a few weeks.[9][10] The tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed in 1924, and came into common use for soldiers in World War II.[2][11] Its use resulted in a 95% decrease in the rate of tetanus.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12][13]