![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Toasternet_image_1993.jpg/640px-Toasternet_image_1993.jpg&w=640&q=50)
Toasternet
Internet system made of readily available parts / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Toasternets were an early-1990s instantiation of the decentralized Internet, featuring open-standards-based federated services, radical decentralization, ad-hoc routing and consisting of many small individual and collective networks rather than a cartel of large commercial Internet Service Provider networks. Today's "community networks" and decentralized social networks are the closest modern inheritors of the ethos of the 1991-1994 era Toasternets.[2][3]
![Thumb image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Toasternet_image_1993.jpg/640px-Toasternet_image_1993.jpg)
Caption numbers:
1) FTP server drive.
2) POP mail spooler.
3) Prototype PPP router being tested.
4) Livingston PortMaster router.
5) Norris Earphone atop a stack of modems.
6) punchdown blocks.
7) HTTP server, AURP router, AFP server, PAP spooler.
8) CD drive.
9) mail, FTP, primary nameserver, shell accounts.
10) news spooling drive.
11) Powerbook serves as a mobile administration console, as well as phone book, etc.
12) news and NFS server, secondary nameserver.