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Labial consonants | Certh | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transliteration | p | b | f | v | m[i] | mh, mb | ||
IPA | [p] | [b] | [f] | [v] | [m] | (S.) [ṽ] (Q.) [mb] | ||
Dental consonants | Certh | or | ||||||
Transliteration | t | d | th | dh | n | nd[ii] | ||
IPA | [t] | [d] | [θ] | [ð] | [n] | [nd] | ||
Front consonants[iii] | Certh | |||||||
Transliteration | ch[iv] | j[v] | sh[vi] | zh | nj[vii] | |||
IPA | (N.) | [c⁽ȷ̊⁾] | [ɟj] | [ç] | [ʝ] | ɟ[ɲj] ← [ɲɟj] | ||
(V.) | [t͡ʃ] | [d͡ʒ] | [ʃ] | [ʒ] | [nd͡ʒ] | |||
Velar consonants | Certh | |||||||
Transliteration | k | g | kh | gh | ŋ | ng | ||
IPA | [k] | [ɡ] | [x] | [ɣ] | [ŋ] | [ŋɡ] | ||
Labiovelar consonants | Certh | |||||||
Transliteration | kw[1] | gw[2] | khw | ghw | nw[viii] | ngw[2] | ||
IPA | (Q.) | [kʷ₍w̥₎] | [ɡʷw] | [ʍ] | [w] | [nʷw]←[ŋʷw] | [ŋɡʷw] |
Consonants | Certh | or | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transliteration | r | rh | l | lh | s | ss or z[ix] | h[x] | |
IPA | [r] | [r̥] | [l] | [l̥] | [s] | [sː] or [z] | [h] | |
Approximants | Certh | |||||||
Transliteration | w | hw[xi] | ||||||
IPA | [w] | [ʍ] | ||||||
Vowels | Certh | |||||||
Transliteration | i, y | u | e | a | o | |||
IPA | [i], [j] | [u] | [e] | [a] | [o] | |||
Long vowels | Certh | or | ||||||
Transliteration | ū | ē | ā | ō | ||||
IPA | [uː] | [eː] | [aː] | [oː] | ||||
Fronted vowels | Certh | or | or | |||||
Transliteration | ü | ö | ||||||
IPA | [y] | [œ] |
⟨q⟩ (⟨kw⟩) consists of a lip-rounded k̊ followed by a partly unvoiced w-offglide (more marked medially than initially).
⟨gw⟩ which only occurs in the medial group ⟨ngw⟩ is the voiced counterpart: a lip-rounded ɡ̊ followed by a w-offglide.
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