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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Commonwealth of The Republic of China, Tibet, Manchuria and Mongolia | |
---|---|
Anthem: 中華民國國歌 Zhōnghuá Mínguó guógē ("Anthem of The Republic of China") | |
Capital | Peking 39°55′N 116°23′E |
Largest city | Shanghai (urban area) Chungking (city proper) |
Official languages | Standard Chinese[lower-alpha 1] |
Recognised regional languages | |
Official script | Simplified Chinese[lower-alpha 2] |
Ethnic groups |
|
Religion | See Religion in China |
Demonym(s) | Chinese government_type = Unitary Semi-Presidential republic |
Government | |
Hu Jintao | |
Chiang Yu-Mei | |
• Premier | Freddy Tyce |
Alexander Papengelou | |
Legislature | Legislative Yuan |
Formation | |
c. 2070 BCE | |
221 BCE | |
1 January 1912 | |
15 July 1975 | |
20 August 1995 | |
Area | |
• Total | 11,161,962 km2 (4,309,658 sq mi)[lower-alpha 4][3] (3rd/4th) |
• Water (%) | 2.5%[lower-alpha 5] |
Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 1,425,893,465 [5][6] (1st) |
• 2010 census | 1,456,786,326[7] (1st) |
• Density | 132[8]/km2 (341.9/sq mi) (86th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | £22.137 trillion[9][note 1] (1st) |
• Per capita | £15,203[9] (49th) |
Gini (2018) | 39.6[10] medium inequality |
HDI (2018) | 0.834[11] very high (67th) |
Currency | Yuan (¥)[lower-alpha 6] (CNY) |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 to +8:30 (Chinese Time Zones) |
Date format | |
Drives on | right[lower-alpha 7] |
Calling code | +86 |
ISO 3166 code | CN |
Internet TLD |
The Gini coefficient, a measure of overall income inequality, declined to 0.462 in 2015, and has since risen to 0.467 in 2018 (Figure 27). Higher income inequality is partly driven by unequal regional income distribution. The eastern coastal regions have been the driver of China's rapid growth, due to its geographic location and the early introduction of reforms. As a result, the eastern coastal region is now home to 38 percent of the population, and its per capita GDP was 77 percent higher than that of the central, western, and northeastern regions in 2018. This gap widened further in the first three quarters of 2019. This is in part due to a disproportionate slowdown in interior provinces, which are more dependent on commodities and heavy industry. The slowdown has been negatively affected by structural shifts, especially necessary cuts in overcapacity (Figure 28).
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