1044

Year 1044 (MXLIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

1044 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1044 MXLIV
Ab urbe condita	1797
Armenian calendar	493 ԹՎ ՆՂԳ
Assyrian calendar	5794
Balinese saka calendar	965–966
Bengali calendar	450–451
Berber calendar	1994
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1588
Burmese calendar	406
Byzantine calendar	6552–6553
Chinese calendar	癸未年 (Water Goat) 3741 or 3534     — to — 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3742 or 3535
Coptic calendar	760–761
Discordian calendar	2210
Ethiopian calendar	1036–1037
Hebrew calendar	4804–4805
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1100–1101
- Shaka Samvat	965–966
- Kali Yuga	4144–4145
Holocene calendar	11044
Igbo calendar	44–45
Iranian calendar	422–423
Islamic calendar	435–436
Japanese calendar	Chōkyū 5 / Kantoku 1 (寛徳元年)
Javanese calendar	947–948
Julian calendar	1044 MXLIV
Korean calendar	3377
Minguo calendar	868 before ROC 民前868年
Nanakshahi calendar	−424
Seleucid era	1355/1356 AG
Thai solar calendar	1586–1587
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Water-Sheep) 1170 or 789 or 17     — to — ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 1171 or 790 or 18

Battle of Ménfő, in the corner (left) the depiction of the killing of Samuel Aba.

Events

By place

Europe

• July 6 – Battle of Ménfő: German troops under King Henry III ("the Black") defeat the Hungarian army, led by King Samuel Aba, who flees the field but is captured and killed. Peter Orseolo ("the Venetian") becomes (for the second time) king of Hungary, and a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.^[1]
• Summer – Geoffrey II ("the Hammer"), count of Anjou, captures the city of Tours, and takes control of the county of Touraine.

Asia

• The Chinese military treatise of the Wujing Zongyao is written and compiled by scholars Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度), and Yang Weide (楊惟德), during the Song dynasty. It is the first book in history to include formulas for gunpowder, and its use for various bombs (thrown by sling or trebuchet catapult). It also describes the double-piston pump flamethrower and a thermoremanence compass, a few decades before Shen Kuo wrote of the first known magnetic mariner's compass. Although emphasizing the importance of many weapons, it reserves high respect for the crossbow, and the ability of crossbowmen to fell charging units of nomadic cavalrymen.
• August 11 – King Anawrahta seizes the throne of the Pagan Empire at Bagan in Burma (modern Myanmar).

By topic

Religion

• September – A second Roman uprising forces Pope Benedict IX out of Rome. He is succeeded by the new elected (anti)-Pope Sylvester III (until 1045).

Births

• Trahaearn ap Caradog, Welsh king of Gwynedd (d. 1081)
• Approximate date
  • Abelard of Hauteville, Italo-Norman nobleman (d. 1081)
  • Władysław I Herman, duke of Poland (d. 1102)

Deaths

• January 14 – Adelaide I, abbess of Quedlinburg
• February 13 – Zhao Yuanyan, Chinese prince of the Song dynasty (b. 985)
• April 19 – Gothelo I (or Gozelo), duke of Lorraine
• July 6 – Samuel Aba, palatine and king of Hungary
• August 11 – Sokkate, last king of the Pagan Kingdom, killed in combat (b. 1001)
• November 14 – Thietmar of Hildesheim, German bishop
• Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri, Mu'tazilite faqih and theologian
• Rajendra Chola I, emperor of the Chola dynasty
• Sharif al-Murtaza, Buyid Shia scholar (b. 965)