1100s (decade)

The 1100s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1100, and ended on December 31, 1109.

1100

This section is transcluded from 1100. (edit | history)

By place

Levant

• January – The Seljuk ruler Mahmud I is expelled from Baghdad by his brother Barkiyaruq, but Mahmud manages to retake the city during his spring offensive.^[1]
• May or June – Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse (Saint-Gilles) sails to Constantinople to obtain the support of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in his attempt to seize Tripoli.^[2]
• August 1 – A Genoese fleet leaves Italy to support the Crusaders' efforts to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reach Latakia on September 25.^[3]
• August – Battle of Melitene: Bohemond I of Antioch is captured by the Danishmends, leaving Tancred as regent of the Principality of Antioch for two years.
• August 20 – With the support of a Venetian fleet, the Crusaders under Tancred capture the coastal city of Haifa.
• December 25 – French Crusader Baldwin I is crowned first King of Jerusalem at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, by Daimbert, the new Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brother Godfrey of Bouillon, on July 18.^[4]
• After a success over the Armenians of Cilicia and the Emirate of Aleppo, Baldwin of Bourcq becomes Count of Edessa, with the support of Daimbert.
• Genoa, Venice and Pisa gain trading privileges from the Crusader states, in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.

Europe

2 August: Death of William II of England during a hunt, killed by an arrow of Walter Tirel.

• August 2 – King William II of England (William Rufus) dies in a hunting accident in the New Forest. Sir Walter Tirel is accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial. Henry I claims the throne.
• August 5 – Henry I is crowned King of England, at Westminster Abbey. The power of the new monarch is ill-assured, and to mollify the barons he has to grant them the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a written constitution in Europe.^[5]
• August 30 – After the failure of the Council of Liubech in 1097, the Congress of Vytechev establishes peace and the feudal system in Kievan Rus; the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them. Sviatopolk II of Kiev becomes the first Grand Prince.
• September 16 – Battle of Malagon: The Almoravid army defeats Castellan troops.^[6]
• September 23 – Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury returns to England from exile, at the invitation of Henry I.
• October 18 – Reconquista: Peter I of Aragon conquers Barbastro (modern Spain) from the hands of the Almoravids.^[7][8]
• November 11 – King Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, the daughter of King Malcolm III and a direct descendant of the Saxon king Edmund Ironside.
• November 18 – The Council of Poitiers opens, but is soon forcibly closed by William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, as the bishops are about to excommunicate King Philip I of France once more.^[9]
• December 25 – Philip I of France elevates his son Louis VI as co-ruler to the government of the realm.
• Philip I of France conquers the Vexin area, and adds the city of Bourges and the province of Berry to his estate.^[10]
• In Iceland, the Althing decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).
• Intense urban activity in north and central Europe: Kalmar (Kungälv) and Varberg (Sweden) are chartered; The cities of Aach (southern Germany) and Nakléřov in Bohemia are created. The castle of Burg Eppstein is built in central Germany.
• Henry I of England grants the ownership of Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight to Richard de Redvers, a Norman nobleman.

Africa

• A collective of Tuareg trading clans decide to permanently settle the city of Timbuktu (modern Mali) north of Djenné along the Niger River. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The Sankore, Djinguereber and Sidi Yahya mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).

China

• February 23 – Emperor Zhezong dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother Huizong as ruler of the Song dynasty. At about this date, the Chinese population reaches around 100 million and in Kaifeng, his capital, the number of registered citizens within the walls is about 1,050,000 with the army stationed here boosting the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
• The Liao dynasty crushes the Zubu, a tribute state of the Khitan Empire, and takes their khan prisoner.

Americas

• Oraibi, a Hopi village in Navajo County, becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-day Arizona (modern-day United States).
• The Ancestral Puebloans culture, located in the modern-day Four Corners (United States), rises (approximate date).
• The city of Cusco (modern Peru) is founded (approximate date).

By topic

Religion

• September 8 – Antipope Clement III dies at Civita Castellana after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes Gregory VII, Victor III and Urban II. Supporters of Emperor Henry IV in Rome choose Theodoric as his successor.
• November – The council of Poitiers decrees that the followers of Robert of Arbrissel have to settle down and live under a rule, leading to the foundation of Fontevraud Abbey.^[11]
• Frederick I becomes archbishop of Cologne, and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.
• The Stift St. Georgen Abbey is founded near Sankt Georgen am Längsee (modern Austria).
• The Diocese of Faroe is founded (approximate date).

Sports and games

• Checkers is invented (approximate date).^[12]

Significant people

• Henry I of England
• Su Song
• Al-Mustazhir
• Berkyaruq

Births

Transcluding articles: 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, and 1109

1100

• May 19 – Judith of Bavaria, duchess of Swabia (d. 1130)
• May 23 – Qin Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1161)
• Achard of Saint Victor, Norman bishop (d. 1171)
• Adrian IV, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1159)
• Albert I (the Bear), margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1170)
• Alexander III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1181)
• Anselm of Havelberg, German bishop (approximate date)
• Arnold I, archbishop of Cologne (approximate date)
• Bruno II of Berg, archbishop of Cologne (d. 1137)
• Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst, English conjoined twins (d. 1134)
• Elvira of Castile, queen consort of Sicily (approximate date)
• Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1148)
• Héloïse d'Argenteuil, French abbess and scholar (d. 1162)
• Herman of Carinthia, German astronomer (d. 1160)
• Hillin of Falmagne, archbishop of Trier (d. 1169)
• Jabir ibn Aflah, Arab astronomer and mathematician (d. 1150)
• John of Meda, Italian monk and abbot (d. 1159)
• Muhammad al-Idrisi, Almoravid geographer (d. 1165)
• Owain Gwynedd, Welsh king of Gwynedd (approximate date)
• Jacob ben Meir Tam, French Jewish rabbi (d. 1171)
• Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl Leicester (d. 1168)
• Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby (d. 1162)
• Robert of Melun, bishop of Hereford (d. 1167)
• Robert of Newminster, English abbot (d. 1159)
• Teobaldo Roggeri, Italian shoemaker (d. 1150)

1101

• September – Ibn Bashkuwal, Andalusian biographer (d. 1183)
• Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar, Jewish physician (d. 1184)
• Arslan Shah I, Seljuk sultan of Kerman (d. 1142)
• Artaldus, bishop of Belly-Ars (d. 1206)
• Fujiwara no Tamako, Japanese empress consort (d. 1145)
• Helena of Skövde, Swedish noblewoman and saint (d. 1160)
• Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1131), and his twin Ladislaus

1102

• February 7 – Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1167)
• October 25 – William Clito, count of Flanders (d. 1128)
• Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist monk (d. 1176)
• Eleanor of Champagne, French noblewoman (d. 1147)^[62]
• Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn, Irish poet and writer (d. 1160)
• Henry II, margrave of the Northern March (d. 1128)
• Klængur Þorsteinsson, bishop of Skálholt (d. 1176)
• Liang Hongyu, Chinese general (d. 1135)
• Nerses IV, Catholicos of Armenia (d. 1173)
• Peter of Tarentaise, French abbot and bishop (d. 1174)
• Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick (d. 1153)
• Zhu, Chinese empress of the Song Dynasty (d. 1127)

1103

• February 24 – Toba, emperor of Japan (d. 1156)
• March 24 – Yue Fei, Chinese general and poet (d. 1142)
• August 5 – William Adelin, duke of Normandy (d. 1120)
• Adeliza of Louvain, queen of England (d. 1151)
• Aénor de Châtellerault, duchess of Aquitaine (d. 1130)
• Alfonso I, count of Tripoli and Toulouse (d. 1148)
• Heilika of Lengenfeld, German countess (d. 1170)
• Henry II, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark (d. 1123)
• Rögnvald Kali Kolsson, Norwegian earl (d. 1158)
• Vsevolod of Pskov, Kievan prince (approximate date)
• Wivina, French Benedictine abbess (d. 1168)

1104

• Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (d. 1167)
• Fujiwara no Kiyosuke, Japanese waka poet (d. 1177)
• Gens du Beaucet, French hermit and saint (d. 1127)
• Ibn Zafar al Siqilli, Arab-Sicilian politician (d. 1170)
• Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester (d. 1168)^[63]
• Vladimir Volodarevich, Galician prince (d. 1152)
• Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester (d. 1166)

1105

• March 1 – Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile (d. 1157)
• March 14 – Drogo, Flemish hermit and saint (d. 1186)
• Alexander III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1181)
• Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra, Abbasid vizier (d. 1165)
• Basava, Indian philosopher and statesman (d. 1167)
• Fujiwara no Motohira, Japanese nobleman (d. 1157)
• Hu Hong, Chinese Confucian scholar (d. 1161)
• Ibn Asakir, Syrian historian and mystic (d. 1175)
• Ibn Tufail, Arab Andalusian polymath (d. 1185)
• John FitzGilbert, Marshal of England (d. 1165)
• Joseph Kimhi, Spanish Jewish rabbi (d. 1170)
• Lope Díaz I de Haro, Castilian nobleman (d. 1170)
• Mahmud II, sultan of the Seljuk Empire (d. 1131)
• Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne, queen consort of England (d. 1152)
• Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan, English nobleman (d. 1176)
• Melisende, queen consort of Jerusalem (d. 1161)
• Odo of Novara, Italian priest and saint (d. 1200)
• Serlo of Wilton, English poet and writer (d. 1181)
• Sophia of Bavaria, German noblewoman (d. 1145)
• Sophie of Winzenburg, German noblewoman (d. 1160)
• Władysław II the Exile, Polish nobleman (d. 1159)
• Xuedou Zhijian, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1192)

1106

• Alexios Komnenos, Byzantine co-emperor (d. 1142)
• Celestine III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1198)
• David FitzGerald, bishop of St. Davids (d. 1176)
• Fujiwara no Michinori, Japanese nobleman (d. 1160)
• Hugh II, French nobleman (d. 1134)
• Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford (d. 1141)
• Ibn Asakir, Syrian scholar and historian (d. 1175)
• Chŏng Chung-bu, Korean military leader (d. 1179)
• Magnus I, king of Sweden (d. 1134)
• Matilda of Anjou, duchess of Normandy (d. 1154)
• Minamoto no Yorimasa, Japanese military leader (d. 1180)
• Xing, Chinese empress (d. 1139)

1107

• June 12 – Gao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1187)
• Anthelm of Belley, French prior and bishop (d. 1178)
• Enrico Dandolo, doge of Venice (d.1205)
• Falaki Shirvani, Persian poet and writer (d. 1157)
• Kenkai, Japanese Shingon Buddhist monk (d. 1155)
• Stephen Kontostephanos, Byzantine general (d. 1149)
• William III, count of Nevers and Auxerre (d. 1161)

1108

• Andronikos Komnenos, Byzantine prince (d. 1142)
• Baldwin IV, count of Hainaut (d. 1171)
• Bohemond II, Italo-Norman prince of Antioch (d. 1130)
• Derbforgaill, Irish princess (d. 1193)
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud, Seljuk sultan (d. 1152)
• Henry X, duke of Bavaria (d. 1139)
• Leopold IV, duke of Bavaria (d. 1141)

1109

• July 25 – Afonso I, king of Portugal (d. 1185)
• September 7 – Gongye, Korean queen (d. 1183)
• October 29 – Injong of Goryeo, Korean king (d. 1146)
• Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali, Zirid emir (d. 1171)
• Al-Rashid, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (d. 1138)
• Béla II, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1141)
• Bertrand de Blanchefort, French Grand Master (d. 1169)
• William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel (d. 1176)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, and 1109

1100

• February 23 – Zhezong, Chinese emperor (b. 1077)
• February 25 – Gerland, bishop of Agrigento
• March 28 – Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde, German noblewoman
• July 18 – Godfrey of Bouillon, French nobleman (b. 1060)
• July 23 – Warner of Grez, French nobleman
• August 2 – William II (or William Rufus), king of England^[64]
• September 8 – Clement III, antipope of Rome
• September 16 – Bernold of Constance, German chronicler
• October 13 – Guy I, Count of Ponthieu (or Wido), French nobleman
• November 18 – Thomas of Bayeux, archbishop of York
• December 22 – Bretislav II, duke of Bohemia
• Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi, Hanafi-Maturidi scholar (b. 1030)
• Azzo of Gobatsburg, Swedish nobleman (approximate date)
• Geoffrey de Mandeville, Norman Constable of the Tower of London
• Guérin of Aumale, Founder of House of Aumale (b. 1040)
• Geoffrey, Count of Conversano ("the elder"), Italo-Norman nobleman
• Jaya Pala, Indian ruler of the Kamarupa Kingdom (b. 1075)
• Qin Guan, Chinese poet and writer (approximate date)
• Qutb al-din Hasan, ruler (malik) of the Ghurid dynasty
• Robert de Stafford, Anglo-Norman nobleman (approximate date)

1101

• February 12 – Daozong of Liao, Chinese emperor (b. 1032)
• March 14 – Fujiwara no Morozane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1042)
• April 24 – Vseslav of Polotsk, Kievan prince
• May 16 – Liemar, archbishop of Bremen
• June 22 – Roger I, Norman nobleman
• July 27
  • Conrad II, king of Germany and Italy (b. 1074)^[65]
  • Hugh d'Avranches, Norman nobleman
• August 24 – Su Shi, Chinese statesman and poet (b. 1037)
• August 27 – Guillaume de Montfort, bishop of Paris
• September 7 – Geldemar Carpenel, French nobleman
• September 30 – Anselm IV, archbishop of Milan
• September – Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg, Bavarian-born Margravine of Austria and crusader (k. in battle) (b. c.1055)
• October 5 – Uicheon, Korean Buddhist monk (b. 1055)
• October 6 – Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Carthusian Order (b. c.1030)
• October 18 – Hugh I, crusader, son of Henry I of France (b. 1057)
• November 6 – Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, German nobleman
• November 15 – Elvira of Toro, Leonese princess (b. 1038 or 1039)
• December 11 – Nikon the Dry, Kievan monk and hermit
• December 12 – Al-Musta'li, Fatimid caliph (b. 1074)
• Constantine Bodin, king of Duklja (approximate date)
• Egilbert, archbishop of Trier
• Geoffrey Burel of Amboise, French nobleman, crusader (k. in battle)
• Gilla na Naemh Ua Dunabhra, Irish chief poet
• Qingshui, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (b. 1047)
• Su Song, Chinese statesman and scientist (b. 1020)
• Theodoric, antipope of the Catholic Church
• Urraca of Zamora, Leonese princess
• Walter of Albano, Italian cardinal-bishop
• Lady Six Monkey, queen of the Mixtec city State of Huachino and queen of Jaltepec (b. c. 1073)

1102

• April 9 – Raoul II, Norman nobleman (House of Tosny)
• May 19 – Stephen II, French nobleman and crusader
• June 4 – Władysław I Herman, duke of Poland
• July 29 – Albert III, count of Namur (House of Namur)
• November 1 – Anna Dalassena, Byzantine noblewoman
• Ermengol V, count of Urgell (b. 1078)
• Felicia of Sicily, queen of Hungary (approximate date)
• Fujiwara no Kanshi, Japanese empress (b. 1021)
• Giselbert II, count of Roussillon
• Guglielmo Embriaco, Genoese merchant (b. 1040)
• Hugh VI, French nobleman and crusader
• Khön Könchok Gyalpo, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1034)
• Mahmud al-Kashgari, Turkish lexicographer (b. 1005)
• Maurice, cardinal-bishop of Porto
• Odo I, duke of Burgundy (b. 1060)
• Odon de Châtillon, cardinal-bishop of Ostia
• Stephen I, count palatine of Burgundy (b. 1065)
• Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham
• Xiang, Chinese empress and regent (b. 1047)

1103

• January 17 – Frutolf of Michelsberg, German monk
• March 18 – Sybilla of Conversano, Norman duchess
• July 10 – Eric I, king of Denmark
• August 24 – Magnus III, king of Norway (b. 1073)
• October 19 – Humbert II, count of Savoy (b. 1065)
• Al-Hakim al-Munajjim, Persian Nizari missionary
• Boedil Thurgotsdatter, Danish queen
• Ebles II, French nobleman (House of Montdidier)
• Henry I, German nobleman (House of Wettin)
• Isaac Alfasi, Algerian Talmudist and posek (b. 1013)
• Manegold of Lautenbach, German priest (b. 1030)
• Osbern FitzOsbern, bishop of Exeter (b. 1032)
• Sibylla of Burgundy, duchess of Burgundy (b. 1065)
• William Firmatus, Norman hermit and pilgrim (b. 1026)

1104

• June 8 – Duqaq, Seljuk ruler of Damascus
• September 25 – Simon II, French nobleman
• October 26 – Johann I, bishop of Speyer
• Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir, Hammadid ruler
• Danishmend Gazi, ruler of the Danishmends
• Ebontius, bishop of Barbastro
• Herewald of Llandaff, Welsh bishop
• Peter I, king of Aragon and Navarre
• Seraphin, archbishop of Esztergom
• Serlo, Norman cleric and abbot
• Sökmen, governor of Jerusalem
• Svend Tronkræver, Danish prince

1105

• February 28 – Raymond IV, French nobleman
• March 14 – Judith of Swabia, duchess of Poland (b. 1054)
• July 13 – Rashi, French Jewish rabbi and writer (b. 1040)
• November 10 – Sukjong, Korean ruler of Goryeo (b. 1054)
• Abu Esmail Moayed-o-din Togharayi, Seljuk poet (b. 1045)
• Barkiyaruq, sultan of the Seljuk Empire
• Dagobert of Pisa, Italian archbishop
• Gregory II, Armenian Catholicos
• Huang Tingjian, Chinese calligrapher and poet (b. 1045)
• Hugh of Fauquembergues, prince of Galilee (or 1106)
• Inge the Elder, king of Sweden (approximate date)
• Malik-Shah II, sultan of the Seljuk Empire
• María Rodríguez, countess of Barcelona (b. 1080)
• Peter of Anagni, Italian bishop and papal legate
• Richard II, prince of Capua (or 1106)
• Shōshi, Japanese empress consort (b. 1027)
• Simon of Hauteville, count of Sicily (b. 1093)

1106

• February 3 – Khalaf ibn Mula'ib, Uqaylid emir
• April 16 – Arnold I, Lotharingian nobleman
• May 1 – Conon, Lotharingian nobleman
• May 19 – Geoffrey IV, French nobleman
• June 16 – Benno, bishop of Meissen (b. 1010)
• June 24 – Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman
• August 7 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1050)
• August 23 – Magnus, German nobleman (b. 1045)
• September 13 – Peter, French nobleman
• September 17 – Manasses II, archbishop of Reims
• October 7 – Hugh of Die, French bishop (b. 1040)
• Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami, Syrian jurist and philologist
• Domnall Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht
• Gonzalo Núñez de Lara, Castilian nobleman
• Hugh of Fauquembergues, prince of Galilee (or 1105)
• Jikirmish, Seljuk ruler
• John of Lodi, Italian hermit and bishop (b. 1025)
• Li Gonglin, Chinese painter and antiquarian (b. 1049)
• Lothair Udo III, margrave of the Nordmark (b. 1070)
• Máel Muire mac Céilechair, Irish cleric and writer
• Minamoto no Yoshiie, Japanese samurai (b. 1039)
• Nathan ben Jehiel, Italian Jewish lexicographer
• Richard II, prince of Capua (or 1105)
• Yusuf ibn Tashfin, sultan of Morocco (b. 1009)

1107

• January 8 – Edgar, king of Scotland
• April 12 – Burchard, bishop of Basel
• May 24 – Raymond of Burgundy, count of Galicia
• August 9 – Horikawa, emperor of Japan (b. 1079)
• September 26 – Maurice, bishop of London
• Changlu Zongze, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk
• Cheng Yi, Chinese neo-confusian philosopher (b. 1033)
• Kilij Arslan I, sultan of the Sultanate of Rum (b. 1079)
• Mi Fu, Chinese painter, poet and calligrapher (b. 1051)
• Richard de Redvers, Norman warrior and nobleman
• Robert Fitzhamon, Norman warrior and nobleman
• Roger Bigod, Norman knight and nobleman

1108

• January 4 – Gertrude, Grand Princess of Kiev
• March 18 – Abe no Munetō, Japanese samurai (b. 1032)
• May 21 – Gerard, Norman archbishop of York
• May 29
  • García Ordóñez, Castilian nobleman
  • Sancho Alfónsez, Castilian nobleman
• July 5 – Guy of Hauteville, Italo-Norman diplomat
• July 29 – Philip I, king of France
• November 15 – Enrico Contarini, bishop of Castello
• García Álvarez, Castilian official and military leader
• Gonzalo, bishop of Mondoñedo (approximate date)
• Gregory III, count of Tusculum (approximate date)
• Gundulf, bishop of Rochester (approximate date)
• Guy II, French nobleman and crusader
• Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria, Norman noblewoman (b. 1060)
• Urse d'Abetot, Norman sheriff of Worcestershire
• Veera Ballala I, Indian ruler of the Hoysala Empire
• Wang, Chinese empress of the Song Dynasty (b. 1084)

1109

• January 26 – Alberic of Cîteaux, French abbot
• April 14 – Fulk IV, count of Anjou (b. 1043)
• April 21 – Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1033)
• April 28 – Hugh the Great, abbot of Cluny (b. 1024)
• May 12 – Dominic de la Calzada, Spanish priest (b. 1019)
• July 1 – Alfonso VI, king of León and Castile
• September 21 – Svatopluk, duke of Bohemia
• November 16 – Ingulf, Norman Benedictine abbot
• Eupraxia of Kiev, Holy Roman Empress
• Ngok Loden Sherab, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1059)
• William II, count of Cerdagne and Tripoli