1180s

The 1180s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1180, and ended on December 31, 1189.

1180

This section is transcluded from 1180. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire

• September 24 – Emperor Manuel I Komnenos dies in Constantinople after a 37-year reign. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son, Alexios II Komnenos, who will reign briefly as emperor of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of his mother, Maria of Antioch. Maria assumes power as regent (until 1183) and takes as her advisor and lover, Alexios Komnenos (protosebastos), a nephew of Manuel I, which causes scandal and unrest among the Byzantine populace.^[1]

Europe

• January 13 – Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, is stripped of his duchies and all his imperial fiefs at an Imperial Diet in Würzburg for violating the king's peace. On April 13, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter, formally dissolving Henry's former domains. A portion of Saxony is reorganized as the Duchy of Westphalia, while other territories are granted to his ally, Otto I the Redhead, Duke of Bavaria.
• September 18 – King Louis VII (called the Younger) dies in Paris after a 43-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old son, Philip II, who becomes sole ruler of France and reigns until 1223.
• Portuguese admiral Dom Fuas Roupinho [pt] defeats the Almohad fleet for the second time in two years.^[2]
• The assembly traditionally considered the first Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland is convened at Łęczyca (approximate date).

England

• The town of Portsmouth is founded by the Norman merchant Jean de Gisors, who establishes it as a strategic port to facilitate trade between England and France (approximate date).

Levant

• Summer – King Baldwin IV (known as "the Leper") sends envoys to Saladin proposing a peace treaty. Due to a severe drought, much of Syria is afflicted by famine, prompting Saladin to agree to a two-year truce. Although Raymond of Tripoli initially denounces the agreement, he is forced to accept it following an Ayyubid naval raid on the port city of Tartus.^[3]
• Saladin intervenes in a conflict between the Zengids of Mosul and the Artuqids. He persuades the Seljuk sultanate of Rum not to become involved and proceeds to raid Cilician Armenia.^[4]
• Baldwin IV arranges the marriage of his sister, Sibylla, to Guy of Lusignan, brother of the constable Amalric of Lusignan. Baldwin grants Guy the County of Jaffa and Ascalon as a fief.^[5]

Asia

• March 18 – Emperor Takakura is forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his two-year-old son, Emperor Antoku, who will reign until 1185. Kiyomori assumes control of the government, ruling as regent in the child emperor's name.
• Genpei War: Prince Mochihito launches a rebellion against the ruling Taira clan. In support of the uprising, Minamoto no Yorimasa issues a call to arms, appealing to several Buddhist monasteries—such as Enryaku-ji, Mii-dera, and others—that have been alienated by Kiyomori.^[6]
• June 20 – Battle of Uji: Prince Mochihito and Minamoto no Yorimasa take refuge in the Byōdō-in Temple. They appeal to warrior monks for assistance, but are ultimately defeated by Taira forces. Yorimasa commits suicide, and Mochihito is killed while fleeing.
• September 14 – Battle of Ishibashiyama: A Taira force of approximately 3,000 men, led by Ōba Kagechika, defeats Minamoto no Yoritomo near Mount Fuji (in present-day Odawara). Yoritomo narrowly escapes by sea and flees to Awa Province.^[7]
• November 9 – Battle of Fujigawa: Minamoto forces, numbering around 30,000 and commanded by Minamoto no Yoritomo, defeat a Taira army under Taira no Koremori near the Fuji River. The Taira forces retreat in disorder, though Koremori manages to escape.^[8]

By topic

Culture

• Alexander Neckam becomes a lecturer in Paris and begins writing De Natura Rerum, one of the earliest Western European works to mention chess (approximate date).

Demography

• Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song dynasty in China, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Fez in the Almohad Caliphate.^[9]

Significant people

• Philip II, King of France (1165 - 1223)
• Saladin (c.1137 - 1193)
• Richard I, King of England (1157 - 1199)
• Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem (1161 - 1185)
• Frederick Barbarossa (1122 - 1190)
• Raymond III, Count of Tripoli (1140 - 1187)
• Raynald of Châtillon (1125 - 1187)
• Tamar, Queen of Georgia (c.1160 - 1213)
• Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147 - 1199)
• Isaac II Angelos (1156 - 1204)

Births

Transcluding articles: 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, and 1189

1180

• August 6 – Go-Toba, emperor of Japan (d. 1239)
• Alfonso II (Berenguer), count of Provence (d. 1209)
• Berengaria (the Great), queen of Castile and León (d. 1246)
• Eric X (Knutsson), king of Sweden (approximate date)
• Fernán Gutiérrez de Castro, Spanish nobleman (d. 1223)
• Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (approximate date)
• Guala de Roniis, Italian priest and bishop (d. 1244)
• Hawise of Chester, English noblewoman (d. 1143)
• Ibn Abi Tayyi, Syrian historian and poet (d. 1228)
• Kambar, Indian Hindu poet and writer (d. 1250)
• Paulus Hungarus, Hungarian theologian (d. 1241)
• Philip of Ibelin, Cypriot nobleman and regent (d. 1227)
• Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, French troubadour (d. 1207)
• Robert de Bingham, bishop of Salisbury (d. 1246)
• Robert of Burgate, English nobleman (d. 1220)
• Simon of Dammartin, French nobleman (d. 1239)

1181

• March 22 – Ibn al-Farid, Arab poet and writer (d. 1234)
• June 21 – Huijong, Korean ruler of Goryeo (d. 1237)
• Irene Angelina, queen of Germany and Sicily (d. 1208)
• Marino Morosini, doge of Venice (House of Morosini) (d. 1253)
• Mathilde of Angoulême, French noblewoman (d. 1233)
• Xian Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1226)

1182

• September 11 – Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204)
• September 19 – Reginald de Braose, Norman nobleman (d. 1228)
• Alexios I (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond (d. 1222)
• Alexios IV (Angelos), Byzantine emperor (approximate date)
• Alice of Vergy, duchess and regent of Burgundy (d. 1251)
• Bouchard IV, French nobleman (House of Avesnes) (d. 1244)
• Eleanor of Aragon, Spanish princess and countess (d. 1226)
• Enguerrand III, French nobleman (House of Coucy) (d. 1242)
• Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order (d. 1226)
• Fujiwara no Tomoie, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1258)
• Jochi, Mongol general and son of Genghis Khan
• Lutgardis (or Lutgarde), Flemish nun and saint (d. 1246)
• Maria of Montpellier, queen consort of Aragon (d. 1213)
• Sakya Pandita, Tibetan Buddhist leader (d. 1251)
• Verdiana, Italian noblewoman and saint (d. 1242)

1183

• Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (d. 1241 or 1242)^[114][115]
• Philippa of Armenia, empress consort of Nicaea

1184

• April 11 – William Longsword, lord of Lüneburg (d. 1213)
• Ahmad al-Tifashi, Almohad poet and anthologist (d. 1253)
• Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, English countess (d. 1241)
• Fujiwara no Hideyoshi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1240)
• Guigues VI, count of Albon (House of Burgundy) (d. 1237)
• Jutta of Thuringia, margravine of Meissen (d. 1235)
• William of Modena, Italian bishop and diplomat (d. 1251)

1185

• April 23 – Afonso II ("the Fat"), king of Portugal (d. 1223)
• Alexander of Hales, English philosopher (d. 1245)
• Angelus of Jerusalem, Israeli priest and martyr (d. 1220)
• Dietrich V, German nobleman (approximate date)
• Engelbert II, archbishop of Cologne (approximate date)
• Fujiwara no Reishi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1243)
• Gerard III, count of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1229)
• Gertrude of Merania, queen of Hungary (d. 1213)
• Inge II (Bårdsson), king of Norway (d. 1217)
• Michael of Chernigov, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1246)
• Patrick II, Earl of Dunbar, Anglo-Scottish nobleman (d. 1249)
• Raymond Roger Trencavel, French nobleman (d. 1209)
• Robert III, count of Dreux and Braine (d. 1234)
• Shams Tabrizi, Persian poet and writer (d. 1248)
• Tancred of Siena, Italian missionary (d. 1241)

1186

• May 18 – Konstantin of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod (d. 1218)^[116]
• November 7 – Ögedei Khan, third son and successor of Genghis Khan (d. 1241)^{[117][118][119]}
• date unknown or approximate
  • Checheyigen, second daughter of Genghis Khan (d. after 1253)
  • Queen Urraca of Portugal, wife of King Afonso II of Portugal (d. 1220)^[120][121]
  • Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (d. 1249)^{[122][123][124]}
  • William III of Sicily (d. 1198)^[125][126]

1187

• February 23 – Peter I (Pedro), count of Urgell (d. 1258)
• March 29 – Arthur I (or Arzhur), duke of Brittany (d. 1203)
• July 29 – Ibn Abi'l-Dam, Syrian historian and judge (d. 1244)
• September 5 – Louis VIII (the Lion), French king (d. 1226)
• Ela of Salisbury, 3rd countess of Salisbury (d. 1261)
• Gundisalvus of Amarante, Portuguese priest (d. 1259)
• Hassan III, ruler of the Nizari Ismaili State (d. 1221)
• Ibn 'Adlan, Ayyubid cryptologist and poet (d. 1268)
• Koga Michiteru, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1248)
• Liu Kezhuang, Chinese poet and literary critic (d. 1269)
• Peter I (Mauclerc), duke and regent of Brittany (d. 1250)
• Vladimir IV (Rurikovich), Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1239)

1188

• March 4 – Blanche of Castile, queen and regent of France (d. 1252)
• March 24 – Ferdinand (or Ferrand), count of Flanders (d. 1233)
• November 26 – Yuri II of Vladimir, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1238)
• Albert IV (the Wise), German nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
• Matilda I, countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (d. 1257)
• Si Inthrathit, Thai founder of the Sukhothai Kingdom (d. 1270)

1189

• Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, Ayyubid sultan (d. 1217)
• Archambaud VIII ("the Great"), Bourbon nobleman (d. 1242)
• Ferdinand of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (d. 1211)
• Pietro Pettinaio, Italian comb-maker and saint (d. 1289)
• Peter Nolasco, French religious leader (d. 1256)
• Skule Bårdsson, Norwegian nobleman (d. 1240)
• Sukaphaa, founder of the Ahom kingdom in Assam (d. 1268)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, and 1189

1180

• January 23 – Eberhard I, count of Berg-Altena (b. 1140)
• January 29 – Soběslav II, duke of Bohemia (b. 1128)
• February 6 – Teresa Fernández de Traba, queen of León
• March 27 – Al-Mustadi, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1142)
• June 20
  • Minamoto no Yorimasa, Japanese military leader (b. 1106)
  • Mochihito, Japanese prince and son of Go-Shirakawa
• June 27 – Turan-Shah, Ayyubid emir (prince) of Damascus
• July 1 – Stephanie (the Unfortunate), Spanish noblewoman
• August 11 – William of Sens (or Guillaume), French architect
• September 18 – Louis VII (the Younger), king of France (b. 1120)
• September 24 – Manuel I (Komnenos), Byzantine emperor (b. 1118)
• October 6 – Amalric of Nesle, French prelate and Latin patriarch
• October 25 – John of Salisbury, English philosopher and bishop
• November 14 – Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Irish archbishop (b. 1128)
• Abraham ibn Daud, Spanish-Jewish philosopher (b. 1110)
• Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī, Fatimid scholar and writer (b. 1079)
• John Tzetzes, Byzantine poet and grammarian (b. 1110)
• Joscelin of Louvain, Flemish nobleman (b. 1121)
• Raynerius of Split, Italian monk and archbishop
• Zhu Shuzhen, Chinese poet and writer (b. 1135)

1181

• January 30 – Takakura, emperor of Japan (b. 1161)
• March 16 – Henry I (the Liberal), French nobleman (b. 1127)
• March 20 – Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader (b. 1118)
• March 13 – Simon III de Montfort, French nobleman (b. 1117)
• April 1 – Ulrich II von Treven, patriarch of Aquileia
• April 5 – Ramon Berenguer III, count of Provence
• June 30 – Hugh de Kevelioc, English politician (b. 1147)
• August 30 – Alexander III, pope of the Catholic Church
• September 27 – Guichard of Pontigny, French archbishop
• October 4 – Herman II, German nobleman (House of Sponheim)
• October 23 – Adela of Meissen, queen consort of Denmark
• November 26 – Roger de Pont L'Évêque, Norman archbishop
• December 3 – Galgano Guidotti, Italian nobleman (b. 1148)
• Adam the Welshman, Welsh theologian and bishop (b. 1130)
• As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, Zangid ruler of Damascus (b. 1163)
• Lucas (or Luke), archbishop of Esztergom (b. 1120)^[127]
• Serlo of Wilton, English poet and writer (b. 1105)
• Zhang Shi, Chinese Confucian scholar (b. 1133)

1182

• January 13 – Agnes of Austria, queen of Hungary (b. 1154)
• May 12 – Valdemar I (the Great), king of Denmark (b. 1131)
• May 16 – John Komnenos Vatatzes, Byzantine general
• July – Maria Komnene, Byzantine princess (poisoned) (b. 1152)^[128]
• July – Renier of Montferrat (the Caesar John), Italian husband of Maria Komnene (poisoned) (b. 1162)^[128][129]
• July 25 – Maria I, countess of Boulogne (b. 1136)
• August 1 – Pietro da Pavia, Italian cardinal-bishop
• September 15 – Robert III, Italo-Norman nobleman
• October 6 – Richard Peche, bishop of Coventry
• Ahmed-Al-Kabeer, Arab preacher and teacher (b. 1119)
• Farrukh Shah, Ayyubid ruler and nephew of Saladin
• Fujiwara no Kiyoko, Japanese empress (b. 1122)
• Henry I, count of Guelders and Zutphen (b. 1117)
• Hugo Etherianus, Italian cardinal and adviser (b. 1115)
• Cyril of Turov (or Kirill), Russian bishop (b. 1130)
• Maria of Antioch, Byzantine empress (b. 1145)
• Sonam Tsemo, Tibetan Buddhist leader (b. 1142)
• Zhao Boju, Chinese landscape painter (b. 1120)

1183

• June 11 – Henry the Young King, son of Henry II of England (b. 1155)^{[130][131][132]}
• October – Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1167)^{[133][134][135]}
• November 23 – William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (b. 1116)^[136]
• Queen Gongye, Korean queen consort (b. 1109)^[137][138]

1184

• January 2 – Theodora Komnene, duchess of Austria
• January 13 – Gerard la Pucelle, English bishop (b. 1117)
• February 16 – Richard of Dover, English archbishop
• February 21
  • Imai Kanehira, Japanese military leader (b. 1152)
  • Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Japanese shogun (b. 1154)
• March 27 – George III, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi)
• March 28 – Eckbert of Schönau (or Egbert), German Benedictine abbot
• June 15 – Magnus V (Erlingsson), king of Norway (b. 1156)
• July 29 – Abu Yaqub Yusuf, Almohad caliph (emir) (b. 1135)
• September 30 – Arnold of Torroja, Catalan Grand Master
• October 24 – Siegfried, prince-archbishop of Bremen (b. 1132)
• November 15
  • Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empress consort (b. 1143)
  • William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick, English nobleman
• November 18 – Josceline de Bohon, English bishop (b. 1111)
• December 17 – Simon de Tosny, Norman-Scottish bishop
• December 29 – Aindréas of Caithness, Gaelic-Scottish monk and bishop
• Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar, Jewish physician (b. 1101)
• Agnes of Antioch, queen consort of Hungary (approximate date)
• Grimaldo Canella, Italian nobleman (House of Grimaldi)
• Li Tao (or Renfu), Chinese historian and writer (b. 1115)
• Pedro Fernández de Castro (Grand Master of the Order of Santiago), Spanish nobleman (b. 1115)
• Sasaki Hideyoshi, Japanese nobleman and samurai (b. 1112)
• Taira no Atsumori, Japanese warrior and samurai (b. 1169)
• Taira no Koremori, Japanese nobleman (approximate date)
• Taira no Tadanori, Japanese warrior and general (b. 1144)
• William de Vesci, High Sheriff of Northumberland (b. 1125)

1185

• February 9 – Theodoric I, margrave of Lusatia (b. 1130)
• March 16 – Baldwin IV ("the Leper King"), king of Jerusalem (b. 1161)
• March 22 – Satō Tsugunobu, Japanese warrior (b. 1158)
• April 25 – Battle of Dan-no-Ura:
  • Antoku, child-emperor of Japan (b. 1178)^[139]
  • Taira no Tokiko, Japanese Buddhist nun (b. 1126)
  • Taira no Norimori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1128)
  • Taira no Noritsune, Japanese nobleman (b. 1160)
  • Taira no Tomomori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1152)
  • Taira no Tsunemori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1124)
• June 16 – Richeza of Poland, queen consort of Castile (b. 1140)
• May 30 – Constantine Makrodoukas, Byzantine nobleman
• June 19 – Taira no Munemori, Japanese samurai (b. 1147)
• July 18 – Stefan, archbishop of Uppsala (b. before 1143)
• September 11 – Stephen Hagiochristophorites, Byzantine official
• September 12 – Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor, assassinated (b. 1118)
• September – John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I), Byzantine co-emperor, assassinated (b. 1159)
• November 25 – Lucius III, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1097)
• December 6 – Afonso I ("the Great"), king of Portugal (b. 1109)
• Abd Allah al-Suhayli, Moorish scholar and writer (b. 1114)
• Bhāskara ("the Teacher"), Indian mathematician (b. 1114)
• Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, Spanish nobleman (b. 1125) (after August 16)
• Ibn Tufail, Arab-Andalusian polymath and writer (b. 1105)
• Máel Íosa Ua Dálaigh, Irish Ollamh Érenn (chief bard)
• Taira no Shigehira, Japanese general, executed (b. 1158)

1186

• January 26 – Ismat ad-Din Khatun, wife of Saladin^[140]
• May 29 or June 23 or June 24 – Robert of Torigni^{[141][142][143]}
• June 1 – Minamoto no Yukiie, Japanese warlord^[144][145]
• August 19 – Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1158)^[146][147]
• August – Baldwin V of Jerusalem (b. 1177)^[148][149]
• September 29 – William of Tyre, Archbishop of Tyre (b. c. 1130)^[150][151]
• December 8 – Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen (b.c 1125)^[152][153]

1187

• February 18 – Gilbert Foliot, bishop of London (b. 1110)
• March 18 – Bogusław I, duke of Pomerania (b. 1130)
• May 1 – Roger de Moulins, French Grand Master
• May 6 – Ruben III (or Roupen), Armenian ruler (b. 1145)
• July 4 – Raynald of Châtillon, prince of Antioch (b. 1125)
• October 1 – Yaroslav Osmomysl, Galician prince (b. 1135)
• October 20 – Urban III, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1120)
• November 9 – Gao Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1107)
• November 10 – Guðrøðr Óláfsson, Norse king of Dublin
• November 30 – Fujiwara no Hidehira, Japanese nobleman
• December 17 – Gregory VIII, pope of the Catholic Church
• Abu-l-Hasan Ali ibn Ruburtayr, Catalan mercenary general
• Alexios Branas, Byzantine nobleman and usurper
• Clarembald of Arras, French theologian and writer
• Gerard of Cremona, Italian translator and writer (b. 1114)
• Guecellone II, Italian nobleman (House of Da Camino)
• Raymond III, crusader and count of Tripoli (b. 1140)
• Robert of St. Albans, English nobleman and knight
• Rodrigo Álvarez, Galician nobleman and crusader

1188

• January 22 – Ferdinand II, king of León and Galicia (b. 1137)
• January 26 – Eysteinn Erlendsson, Norwegian archbishop^[154]
• 1188 – Death of Seljuki Khatun
• October 11 – Robert I (the Great), count of Dreux (b. 1123)
• November 4 – Theobald of Ostia, French abbot and bishop
• November 17 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Arabian poet and knight (b. 1095)
• December 14 – Berthold I, margrave of Istria and Carniola
• December 22 – Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester
• Aoife MacMurrough (or Eva), princess of Leinster (b. 1145)
• Guigo II, prior of the Grande Chatreuse^[155]
• Hugh the Chaplain, bishop of Cell Rigmonaid (St. Andrews)
• Roger de Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (b. 1120)

1189

• January 1 – Henry of Marcy, French cardinal-bishop (b. 1136)
• January 20 – Shizong (or Wulu), Chinese emperor (b. 1123)
• February 4 – Gilbert of Sempringham, English priest (b. 1085)
• March 4 – Humbert III ("the Blessed"), count of Savoy (b. 1136)
• March 25 – Frederick, duke of Bohemia (House of Přemyslid)
• c. April – Hugh de Cressy, Norman nobleman and constable
• June 15 – Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (b. 1159)
• June 26 – Folmar of Karden, German archbishop (b. 1135)
• June 28 – Matilda of England, duchess of Saxony (b. 1156)
• July 6 – Henry II, king of England (b. 1133)^[156]
• July 20 – Muneko, Japanese princess and empress (b. 1126)
• August 20 or 21 – Geoffrey Ridel, English bishop and Lord Chancellor
• September 3 – Jacob of Orléans, French Jewish scholar
• c. September – Benedict of York, English banker and moneylender
• October 4
  • André of Brienne, French nobleman and knight (b. 1135)
  • Gerard de Ridefort, Flemish Grand Master (b. 1140)
• October 14 – Fujiwara no Yasuhira, Japanese nobleman (b. 1155)
• November 11 – William II ("the Good"), king of Sicily (b. 1153)
• November 14 – William de Mandeville, English nobleman
• Anvari, Persian astronomer, poet and writer (b. 1126)
• Benkei, Japanese warrior monk (sōhei) (b. 1155)
• Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair, Irish king (assassinated)
• Conon II (or Cono), count of Montaigu and Duras
• Elizabeth of Hungary, German duchess (b. 1145)
• Hugh de Paduinan, Scoto-Norman nobleman and Crusader (b. 1140)
• Richard de Morville, Scottish Lord High Constable
• Romano Bobone, Italian cardinal and papal legate
• William de Tracy, English nobleman and knight