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119th United States Congress

2025–2027 meeting of U.S. legislature From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

119th United States Congress
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The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, for the last 17 days of Joe Biden's presidency and will continue for the first two years of Donald Trump's second presidency.

Quick Facts January 3, 2025 – present, Members ...
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119th Congress House member pin

Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House, though the party lost two net seats in the election and thus ended up with a three-seat majority instead of its previous five-seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three-seat majority in the Senate after winning four net seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump's second inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress (2017–2019), which was in session during Trump's first term.[1]

The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history (Representative Sarah McBride (D-DE).[2][3] It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment which established the direct election of U.S. senators.[4][a]

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History

Summarize
Perspective

In the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate, while Republican nominee Donald Trump won the presidential election, securing a second non-consecutive term.[5] The results of the election were attributed to economic conditions of voters and concerns over immigration, particularly the Mexico–United States border crisis.[6][7][8][9]

The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, Senator John Thune of South Dakota was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[10][11]

The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority in House history with the 65th Congress.[12] Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[13]

On January 6, a joint session convened to count the presidential Electoral College votes. The proceedings were peaceful, four years after the January 6 Capitol attack, in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disrupted Joe Biden's certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election, Congress has passed revisions to the Electoral Count Act that prevent the vice president from altering the results and significantly raises the bar for certification objections.[14]

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Major events

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Donald Trump takes the oath of office as the 47th president of the United States
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President Donald Trump addressing Congress, with Vice President JD Vance and House Speaker Mike Johnson.
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Major legislation

Enacted

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President Trump signing the Laken Riley Act into law on January 29, 2025
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President Trump signing the TAKE IT DOWN Act into law on May 19, 2025
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President Trump signing the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law on July 4, 2025

Proposed (but not enacted)

Bills passed in the House waiting for the Senate
  • H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
  • H.R. 22: Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act
  • H.R. 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act
  • H.R. 26: Protecting American Energy Production Act
  • H.R. 27: Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act
  • H.R. 28: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act
  • H.R. 30: Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act
  • H.R. 33: United States-Taiwan Expedited Double-Tax Relief Act
  • H.R. 35: Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act
  • H.R. 36: MEGOBARI Act
  • H.R. 77: Midnight Rules Relief Act
  • H.R. 144: Tennessee Valley Authority Salary Transparency Act
  • H.R. 152: Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act
  • H.R. 153: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act
  • H.R. 164: Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience Act of 2025
  • H.R. 165: Wounded Knee Massacre Memorial and Sacred Site Act
  • H.R. 186: Hershel Woody Williams National Medal of Honor Monument Location Act
  • H.R. 187: Modernizing Access to our Public Waters Act of 2025
  • H.R. 189: Securities and Exchange Commission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act
  • H.R. 192: Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act
  • H.R. 197: Lake Winnibigoshish Land Exchange Act of 2025
  • H.R. 204: Accurately Counting Risk Elimination Solutions Act
  • H.R. 207: Supporting the Health of Aquatic systems through Research Knowledge and Enhanced Dialogue Act of 2025
  • H.R. 224: Disabled Veterans Housing Support Act
  • H.R. 226: Eastern Band of Cherokee Historic Lands Reacquisition Act
  • H.R. 275: Special Interest Alien Reporting Act of 2025
  • H.R. 276: Gulf of America Act
  • H.R. 359: Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2025
  • H.R. 375: Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act of 2025
  • H.R. 386: Chinese Currency Accountability Act of 2025
  • H.R. 469: Semiquincentennial Congressional Time Capsule Act
  • H.R. 471: Fix Our Forests Act
  • H.R. 495: Subterranean Border Defense Act
  • H.R. 579: Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025
  • H.R. 586: Vietnam Veterans Liver Fluke Cancer Study Act
  • H.R. 692: China Exchange Rate Transparency Act of 2023
  • H.R. 695: Medal of Honor Act
  • H.R. 706: DHS Biodetection Improvement Act
  • H.R. 708: Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend Against the CCP Act
  • H.R. 730: Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act
  • H.R. 736: Protect Small Businesses from Excessive Paperwork Act of 2025
  • H.R. 754: Investing in Main Street Act of 2025
  • H.R. 758: Mail Traffic Deaths Reporting Act of 2025
  • H.R. 776: Nutria Eradication and Control Reauthorization Act of 2025
  • H.R. 788: DOE and SBA Research Act
  • H.R. 804: Rural Small Business Resilience Act
  • H.R. 818: Small Business Procurement and Utilization Reform Act of 2025
  • H.R. 825: Assisting Small Businesses Not Fraudsters Act
  • H.R. 828: Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act
  • H.R. 832: Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025
  • H.R. 835: 9/11 Memorial and Museum Act
  • H.R. 836: Emergency Wildfire Fighting Technology Act of 2025
  • H.R. 856: Safe and Smart Federal Purchasing Act
  • H.R. 862: TSA Commuting Fairness Act
  • H.R. 872: Federal Contractor Cybersecurity Vulnerability Reduction Act of 2025
  • H.R. 877: Deliver for Veterans Act
  • H.R. 901: Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act
  • H.R. 919: Chronic Disease Flexible Coverage Act
  • H.R. 965: Housing Unhoused Disabled Veterans Act
  • H.R. 970: Fairness for Servicemembers and their Families Act of 2025
  • H.R. 975: Credit Union Board Modernization Act
  • H.R. 983: Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserves Tuition Fairness Act of 2025
  • H.R. 993: Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act
  • H.R. 997: National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025
  • H.R. 998: Internal Revenue Service Math and Taxpayer Help Act
  • H.R. 1039: Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act
  • H.R. 1048: Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act
  • H.R. 1152: Electronic Filing and Payment Fairness Act
  • H.R. 1155: Recovery of Stolen Checks Act
  • H.R. 1156: Pandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act
  • H.R. 1166: Decoupling from Foreign Adversarial Battery Dependence Act
  • H.R. 1318: United States Research Protection Act
  • H.R. 1325: Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act of 2025
  • H.R. 1326: DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act
  • H.R. 1350: DOE and NSF Interagency Research Act
  • H.R. 1368: DOE and NASA Interagency Research Coordination Act
  • H.R. 1374: Securing the Cities Improvement Act
  • H.R. 1491: Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act
  • H.R. 1515: Guidance Out Of Darkness Act
  • H.R. 1526: No Rogue Rulings Act
  • H.R. 1534: Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies Act
  • H.R. 1692: Producing Advanced Technologies for Homeland Security Act
  • H.R. 1701: Strategic Ports Reporting Act
  • H.R. 1919: Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
  • H.R. 1969: No Wrong Door for Veterans Act
  • H.R. 3633: Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025
Bills proposed in the House
Bills passed in the Senate waiting for the House
  • S. 32: Local Access to Courts Act
  • S. 129: No Tax On Tips Act
  • S. 524: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2025
  • S. 960: Justice for Murder Victims Act
  • S. 1077: District of Columbia Local Funds Act, 2025
Bills proposed in the Senate
Bills passed in the Congress waiting for the White House
  • S. 201: ACES Act of 2025
  • S. 423: PRO Veterans Act of 2025
  • H.R. 1316: Maintaining American Superiority by Improving Export Control Transparency Act
  • H.R. 2808: Homebuyers Privacy Protection Act
  • H.R. 3944: Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026
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Major resolutions

Adopted

Proposed

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Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section:

Senate party summary

More information Party(shading shows control), Total ...

House party summary

More information Party(shading shows control), Total ...
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Leadership

Summarize
Perspective

Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".

Senate leadership

Senate presidents
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Kamala Harris (D),
until January 20, 2025
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JD Vance (R),
since January 20, 2025
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President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley (R)

Senate presiding officers

Senate majority (Republican) leadership

Senate minority (Democratic) leadership

House leadership

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Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson (R)

House presiding officer

House majority (Republican) leadership

House minority (Democratic) leadership

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Members

Summarize
Perspective

Senate membership

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2024 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2030; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2026; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2028.

House membership

All seats were filled by election in November 2024.

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Changes in membership

Senate membership changes

More information State (class), Vacated by ...

House membership changes

More information District, Vacated by ...
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Committees

Senate committees

House committees

More information Committee, Chair ...

Joint committees

More information Committee, Chair ...
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Senior staff

Officers
Organizations

Senate senior staff

Officers
Officials

House senior staff

Officers
Officials
Organizations
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Elections

Notes

  1. Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Maine all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation, however Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party.
  2. All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
  3. In West Virginia: Senator-elect Jim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.[24]
  4. In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[25] After this resignation, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[26]
  5. In West Virginia: Senator Jim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia.
  6. In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secretary of State. His chosen successor, Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[27]
  7. In Florida's 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress, and Jimmy Patronis was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[28]
  8. In Florida's 6th district: Mike Waltz (R) resigned on January 20, 2025, to become United States National Security Advisor, and Randy Fine was elected April 1, 2025. He was sworn in on April 2, 2025.[29]
  9. In Texas's 18th district: Sylvester Turner (D) died on March 5, 2025. A special election to elect a successor will be held on November 4, 2025.
  10. In Arizona's 7th district: Raúl Grijalva (D) died on March 13, 2025. A special election to elect a successor will be held on September 23, 2025.
  11. In Virginia's 11th district: Gerry Connolly (D) died on May 21, 2025. A special election to elect a successor will be held on September 9, 2025.
  12. In Tennessee's 7th district: Mark Green (R) resigned on July 20, 2025. A special election to elect a successor will be held on December 2, 2025.
  13. Includes a Popular Democratic Party member who is also affiliated as a Democrat.
  14. The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are considered Democrats.
  15. In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States.[25] Jon Husted was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.
  16. In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of the House Republican Conference. She remains a member of the Republican Party.[44]
  17. Puerto Rico's non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms.
  18. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  19. The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

References

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