1230

Year 1230 (MCCXXX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.]

1230 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1230 MCCXXX
Ab urbe condita	1983
Armenian calendar	679 ԹՎ ՈՀԹ
Assyrian calendar	5980
Balinese saka calendar	1151–1152
Bengali calendar	636–637
Berber calendar	2180
English Regnal year	14 Hen. 3 – 15 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1774
Burmese calendar	592
Byzantine calendar	6738–6739
Chinese calendar	己丑年 (Earth Ox) 3927 or 3720     — to — 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger) 3928 or 3721
Coptic calendar	946–947
Discordian calendar	2396
Ethiopian calendar	1222–1223
Hebrew calendar	4990–4991
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1286–1287
- Shaka Samvat	1151–1152
- Kali Yuga	4330–4331
Holocene calendar	11230
Igbo calendar	230–231
Iranian calendar	608–609
Islamic calendar	627–628
Japanese calendar	Kangi 2 (寛喜２年)
Javanese calendar	1139–1140
Julian calendar	1230 MCCXXX
Korean calendar	3563
Minguo calendar	682 before ROC 民前682年
Nanakshahi calendar	−238
Thai solar calendar	1772–1773
Tibetan calendar	ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Earth-Ox) 1356 or 975 or 203     — to — ལྕགས་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ (male Iron-Tiger) 1357 or 976 or 204

Map of the Battle of Klokotnitsa (1230)

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• March 9 – Battle of Klokotnitsa: Byzantine forces under Theodore Komnenos Doukas invade Bulgaria, breaking the peace treaty with Tsar Ivan Asen II. Theodore gathers a large army, including western mercenaries. The two armies meet near the village of Klokotnitsa. Ivan applies clever tactics and manages to surround the Byzantines. They are completely defeated; only a small force under Theodore's brother Manuel Doukas manages to escape the battlefield. Theodore is taken prisoner and is blinded. In the aftermath, Ivan quickly extends its control over most of Theodore's domains in Thrace, Macedonia and Albania. The Latin Duchy of Philippopolis and the independent principality of Alexius Slav are also captured and annexed into Bulgaria.^[1]

Europe

• King Alfonso IX of León defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to Badajoz to the Leonese troops.^[2] The Portuguese king Sancho II continues his offensive southward and takes Beja, Juromenha, Serpa and Moura.^[3]
• August – Treaty of Ceprano: Emperor Frederick II returns from the Sixth Crusade and signs a peace agreement with Pope Gregory IX at Ceprano. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the Papal States in return for Frederick's concessions in Sicily.^[4]
• Frederick II bestows on the Teutonic Order a special privilege for the conquest of Prussia, including Chełmno Land, with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the Prussians to Christianity.
• September 24 – Alfonso IX dies after a 42-year reign and is succeeded by his son Ferdinand III. He receives the Kingdom of León, in return for compensation in cash and lands for his half-sisters Sancha and Dulce.
• Siege of Galway: Norman forces under Richard Mór de Burgh invade Connacht and desolate a large portion of the country. He besieges Galway, but is forced to retreat after a week-long inconclusive battle.

England

• April 30 – English invasion of France: King Henry III embarks from Portsmouth with a large expeditionary force. On May 2, he arrives at Guernsey, and the next day the English army lands at Saint-Malo, where Peter I (de Dreux), duke of Brittany, meets Henry to pay him homage. The English forces march through the County of Anjou, taking the castle of Mirebeau in late July.^[5]
• October 27 – Henry III signs a truce with King Louis IX of France ("the Saint") and returns to Portsmouth. He leaves a small force under Peter I and Ranulf de Blondeville, to act against the French in Brittany and Normandy.

Middle East

• Battle of Yassıçemen: A Seljuk-Ayyubid coalition (some 40,000 men) defeats the Khwarazmians under Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni at Erzincan on the Upper Euphrates.

By topic

Literature

• The Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).^[6]

Births

• March – Henry of Castile the Senator, Spanish prince (d. 1303)
• Anna of Hohenstaufen, empress of Nicaea (d. 1307)
• Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German queen consort (d. 1266)
• Gottfried Hagen, German cleric and writer (d. 1299)
• Hermann of Buxhoeveden, Bishop of Ösel-Wiek, German churchman (d. 1285)
• Hugh Aycelin, French cardinal and theologian (d. 1297)
• Hu Sanxing (or Shenzhi), Chinese historian (d. 1302)
• Leonardo Patrasso, Italian cardinal-bishop (d. 1311)
• Masuccio Primo, Italian architect and sculptor (d. 1306)
• Maud de Lacy, Baroness Geneville, Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. 1304)
• Odo, Count of Nevers (or Eudes), French nobleman and knight (d. 1266)
• Squarcino Borri, Italian mercenary leader (d. 1277)
• Yaroslav III of Tver, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1271)

Approximate date

• Adelaide of Holland, Dutch countess and regent (d. 1284)
• Bentivenga dei Bentivenghi, Italian cardinal (d. 1289)
• Boniface VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1303)
• Edmund de Lacy, English nobleman and knight (d. 1258)
• Guillaume de Beaujeu, French Grand Master (d. 1291)
• Guillaume Durand, French bishop and writer (d. 1296)
• Jacobus de Voragine, Italian archbishop (d. 1298)
• Margaret Sambiria, Danish queen consort (d. 1282)
• Peter Quinel, English archdeacon and bishop (d. 1291)

Deaths

• January 30 – Pelagio Galvani, Leonese cardinal (b. 1165)
• February 1 – Matsudono Motofusa, Japanese nobleman
• May 2 – William de Braose, English nobleman and knight
• May 13 – Casimir I of Opole, Polish nobleman and knight
• July 12 – Margaret, Countess of Blois, French noblewoman (b. 1170)
• July 19 –Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland, Norman nobleman (b. 1200)
• July 25 – Rudolph van Coevorden, Dutch nobleman (b. 1192)
• July 28 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, German nobleman and knight (b. 1176)
• July 29 – Hōjō Tokiuji, Japanese nobleman and spy (b. 1203)
• August 24 – Geoffrey de Saye, English nobleman (b. 1155)
• September 9 – Siegfried II, archbishop of Mainz (b. 1165)
• September 24 – Alfonso IX, king of León and Galicia (b. 1171)
• October 25 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, English nobleman (b. 1180)
• November 20 – Nicola de la Haye, English noblewoman
• November 24 – Matthew II of Montmorency, French nobleman and knight
• December 15 – Ottokar I of Bohemia, German nobleman
• December 23 – Berengaria of Navarre, queen consort of England
• Al-Dakhwar, Ayyubid physician and medical officer (b. 1170)
• Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo, Spanish nobleman (b. c.1161)
• Beatrice of Viennois, French noblewoman (b. 1160)
• Demetrius of Montferrat, king of Thessalonica (b. 1205)
• Hugues IV de Châteauneuf, French nobleman (b. 1185)
• Ibn Hammad, Hammadid historian and writer (b. 1153)
• Robert de Gresle, English landowner and knight (b. 1174)

Approximate date

• Samuel ibn Tibbon, French rabbi, doctor and philosopher
• Urraca López de Haro, queen consort of León