1888 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1888 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1888, with three states holding theirs early between June and September. They occurred at the same time as the election of President Benjamin Harrison. Elections were initially held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 51st United States Congress. Six new states would later join the union and increase the House to 332 seats. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

1888 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1886 June 6, September 4, September 10, and November 6, 1888[a] 1890 →
All 332 seats in the United States House of Representatives[b] 167 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Thomas Brackett Reed John G. Carlisle Party Republican Democratic Leader's seat Maine 1st Kentucky 6th Last election 152 seats 167 seats Seats won 179[1][c] 152[1][c] Seat change 27 15 Popular vote 5,408,259 5,558,964 Percentage 47.36% 48.68% Swing 2.37pp 0.56pp   Third party Fourth party   Party Labor Independent Last election 2 seats 2 seats[d] Seats won 1[1] 0 Seat change 1 2 Popular vote 161,225 61,520 Percentage 1.41% 0.54% Swing 0.33pp 1.54pp
Map of U.S. House elections results from 1888 elections for 51st Congress on election day (a number of Southern seats were later successfully contested and the results overturned)
Speaker before election John Carlisle Democratic Elected Speaker Thomas Reed Republican

Harrison's Republican Party gained a majority in the House at the expense of the Democratic Party, even though incumbent President Grover Cleveland actually received more votes counted than Harrison. However, as in other elections in the period, widespread vote suppression and electoral fraud was common on behalf of Democrats and against black Republicans in the Southern United States. The Republican House majority in uncontested elections unseated a number of initially reported as victorious Democratic candidates in favor of Republican candidates who contested their election loss.

The issue of tariffs played a key role in this election. The Democrats, with the support of farmers and laborers, wanted to lower tariffs in order to promote free trade, while the Republicans, backed by industry and big business, believed that higher tariffs were necessary to protect American manufacturing. Especially in industrializing regions, voters chose the Republican view on tariffs, as they gave the party a slim majority in the House.

Hamilton D. Coleman’s win in the Second District would prove the last time until 1972 that a Republican won any House seat in Louisiana,^[2] for the disenfrachisement of almost all blacks in the 1890s would leave that state completely devoid of Republican support until after the Dixiecrat bolt.^[3]

Election summaries

Seven seats were added, for the six new states of, in order of admission (number of House seats for each new state listed in parentheses): North Dakota (1), South Dakota (2), Montana (1), Washington (1), Idaho (1), and Wyoming (1).

↓

179	1	152
Republican	[e]	Democratic

State	Type	Total seats	Republican		Democratic		Others
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	1	1	7	1	0
Arkansas	District	5	1		3		1[f]	1
California	District	6	4		2		0
Colorado	At-large	1	1		0		0
Connecticut	District	4	3	1	1	1	0
Delaware	At-large	1	0		1		0
Florida	District	2	0		2		0
Georgia	District	10	0		10		0
Illinois	District	20	13	1	7	1	0
Indiana	District	13	3	4	10	4	0
Iowa	District	11	10	1	1		0	1[g]
Kansas	District	7	7		0		0
Kentucky	District	11	2	1	9	1	0
Louisiana	District	6	1	1	5	1	0
Maine[h]	District	4	4		0		0
Maryland	District	6	3	2	3	2	0
Massachusetts	District	12	10	2	2	2	0
Michigan	District	11	9	3	2	3	0
Minnesota	District	5	5	3	0	3	0
Mississippi	District	7	0		7		0
Missouri	District	14	4	2	10	2	0
Nebraska	District	3	3	1	0	1	0
Nevada	At-large	1	1		0		0
New Hampshire	District	2	2	1	0	1	0
New Jersey	District	7	4	1	3	1	0
New York	District	34	19	1	15	1	0
North Carolina	District	9	3	2	6	2	0	1[i]
Ohio	District	21	16	1	5	1	0
Oregon[h]	At-large	1	1		0		0
Pennsylvania	District[j]	28	21	1	7	1	0
Rhode Island	District	2	2		0		0
South Carolina	District	7	1	1	6	1	0
Tennessee	District	10	3	1	7	1	0
Texas	District	11	0		11		0
Vermont[h]	District	2	2		0		0
Virginia	District	10	4	2	6	3	0	1[k]
West Virginia	District	4	2	1	2	1	0
Wisconsin	District	9	7		2	1	0	1[k]
1889 elections (New States)
Montana	At-large	1	1	1	0		0
North Dakota	At-large	1	1	1	0		0
South Dakota	At-large	2	2	2	0		0
Washington	At-large	1	1	1	0		0
1890 elections (New States)
Idaho	At-large	1	1	1	0		0
Wyoming	At-large	1	1	1	0		0
Total[b]		332	179[1] 53.9%	17	152[1] 45.8%	6	1 0.3%	5

Popular vote Democratic   48.68% Independent   0.54% Labor   1.41% Republican   47.36% Others   2.01%

House seats Democratic   45.78% Labor   0.30% Republican   53.92%

The previous election had 4 third-party candidates, 2 Labor, 1 Greenback, and 1 Independent.

Election dates

All states elected their members November 6, 1888 except, three states, with 7 seats among them:

• June 6: Oregon
• September 4: Vermont
• September 10: Maine

Alabama

See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas 1	Poindexter Dunn	Democratic	1878	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y William H. Cate (Democratic) 51.9% ▌Lewis P. Featherstone (Labor) 47.4% Others 0.6%
Arkansas 2	Clifton R. Breckinridge	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Clifton R. Breckinridge (Democratic) 51.2% ▌John M. Clayton (Republican) 48.8%
Arkansas 3	Thomas C. McRae	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas C. McRae (Democratic) 59.7% ▌John Ansley (Labor) 40.3%
Arkansas 4	John H. Rogers	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John H. Rogers (Democratic) 57.8% ▌Isaac McCacken (Independent) 42.2%
Arkansas 5	Samuel W. Peel	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel W. Peel (Democratic) 68.9% ▌Edward P. Watson (Independent) 22.0% ▌John Gates (Republican) 9.1%

In the 1st district, initial returns showed William H. Cate (Democratic) winning the election, but the election was contested by Lewis P. Featherstone (Labor), and on May 5, 1890, he was declared the winner.

In the 2nd district, Clifton R. Breckinridge (Democratic) was initially declared re-elected. John M. Clayton successfully contested the election, but was assassinated before the contest was complete, so the House declared the seat vacant. Breckinridge was subsequently re-elected November 4, 1890 to finish the term.

California

Main article: 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in California

See also: List of United States representatives from California

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Thomas Larkin Thompson	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y John J. De Haven (Republican) 49.9% ▌Thomas L. Thompson (Democratic) 49% ▌W. D. Reynolds (Independent) 1.1%
California 2	Marion Biggs	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Marion Biggs (Democratic) 50.6% ▌John A. Eagon (Republican) 46.6% ▌S. M. McLean (Prohibition) 2.4% ▌J. F. McSwain (Independent) 0.4%
California 3	Joseph McKenna	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph McKenna (Republican) 56.0% ▌Ben Morgan (Democratic) 41.2% ▌W. W. Smith (Prohibition) 1.9% ▌S. Solon Holl (Independent) 1.0%
California 4	William W. Morrow	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 50.8% ▌Robert Ferral (Democratic) 48.6% ▌Frank M. Pixley (Socialist) 0.6%
California 5	Charles N. Felton	Republican	1884	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Thomas J. Clunie (Democratic) 49.3% ▌Timothy G. Phelps (Republican) 49.2% ▌Henry French (Independent)
California 6	William Vandever	Republican	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican hold	▌Y William Vandever (Republican) 52.5% ▌Reel B. Terry (Democratic) 43.7% ▌J. G. Miller (Prohibition) 3.5% ▌Alfred Daggett (Know Nothing) 0.2%

Colorado

See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado

Connecticut

See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[4]
Connecticut 1	Robert J. Vance	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y William E. Simonds (Republican) 49.7% ▌Robert J. Vance (Democratic) 47.5% ▌Frederick G. Platt (Prohibition) 2.7% ▌Horace S. Frye (Labor) 0.1%
Connecticut 2	Carlos French	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Washington F. Willcox (Democratic) 49.6% ▌H. Wales Lines (Republican) 48.1% ▌Edwin P. Augur (Prohibition) 2.3% ▌[FNU] Ventres (Labor) 0.0%
Connecticut 3	Charles A. Russell	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Russell (Republican) 49.8% ▌Stephen H. Hall (Democratic) 46.6% ▌John A. Rockwell (Prohibition) 3.6%
Connecticut 4	Miles T. Granger	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Frederick Miles (Republican) ▌Morris W. Seymour (Democratic) ▌Elisha Z. Ellis (Prohibition)

Delaware

See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Florida

Main article: 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

See also: List of United States representatives from Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[5]
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert H. M. Davidson (Democratic) 67.1% ▌H. R. Benjamin (Republican) 32.9%
Florida 2	Charles Dougherty	Democratic	1884	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold	▌Y Robert Bullock (Democratic) 53.5% ▌Frederick S. Goodrich (Republican) 46.5%

Idaho Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Iowa

See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas

See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas

Kentucky

See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Maine

See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[6]
Maine 1	Thomas B. Reed	Republican	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas B. Reed (Republican) 52.30% ▌William Emery (Democratic) 45.33% ▌Timothy B. Hussey (Prohibition) 2.37%
Maine 2	Nelson Dingley Jr.	Republican	1881 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nelson Dingley Jr. (Republican) 55.17% ▌Charles E. Allen (Democratic) 40.87% ▌Ebenezer A. Howard (Union Labor) 2.05% ▌William T. Eustis (Prohibition) 1.91%
Maine 3	Seth L. Milliken	Republican	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Seth L. Milliken (Republican) 57.95% ▌Simon S. Brown (Democratic) 39.54% ▌Binsley S. Kelley (Prohibition) 1.51% ▌Frank A. Howard (Union Labor) 0.99%
Maine 4	Charles A. Boutelle	Republican	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles A. Boutelle (Republican) 54.64% ▌Thomas S. Stewart (Democratic) 42.67% ▌John Barker (Prohibition) 2.68%

Maryland

See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[6]
Massachusetts 1	Robert T. Davis	Republican	1882	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Charles S. Randall (Republican) 60.86% ▌John W. Cummings (Democratic) 21.29% ▌George Delano (Prohibition) 14.47% ▌William Miller (Labor) 3.38%
Massachusetts 2	John Davis Long	Republican	1882	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Elijah A. Morse (Republican) 54.75% ▌Josiah Quincy VI (Democratic) 42.94% ▌William H. Phillips (Prohibition) 3.31%
Massachusetts 3	Leopold Morse	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y John F. Andrew (Democratic) 52.03% ▌Alanson W. Beard (Republican) 47.07% ▌Henry H. Shugg (Prohibition) 0.89%
Massachusetts 4	Patrick Collins	Democratic	1882	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Joseph Henry O'Neil (Democratic) 68.11% ▌Peter Morrison (Republican) 31.02% ▌Frederic G. Whitcomb (Prohibition) 0.86%
Massachusetts 5	Edward D. Hayden	Republican	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Nathaniel P. Banks (Republican) 51.80% ▌Thomas Wentworth Higginson (Republican) 46.72% ▌Edward Kendall (Prohibition) 1.47%
Massachusetts 6	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 56.34% ▌Roland G. Usher (Democratic) 41.12% ▌George A. Crossman (Prohibition) 2.54%
Massachusetts 7	William Cogswell	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Cogswell (Republican) 57.07% ▌Samuel Roads Jr. (Democratic) 41.09% ▌James J. Gregory (Prohibition) 1.84%
Massachusetts 8	Charles Herbert Allen	Republican	1886	Incumbent not re-nominated. Republican hold.	▌Y Frederic T. Greenhalge (Republican) 55.27% ▌John J. Donovan (Democratic) 42.99% ▌Nathaniel A. Glidden (Prohibition) 1.74%
Massachusetts 9	Edward Burnett	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y John W. Candler (Republican) 52.19% ▌Edward Burnett (Democratic) 45.43% ▌John C. Park (Prohibition) 2.39%
Massachusetts 10	John E. Russell	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph H. Walker (Republican) 52.01% ▌Irving B. Sayles (Democratic) 44.88% ▌Charles G. Allen (Prohibition) 3.11%
Massachusetts 11	William Whiting II	Republican	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Whiting II (Republican) 56.36% ▌William Skinner (Democratic) 39.75% ▌Hervey S. Cowell (Prohibition) 3.89%
Massachusetts 12	Francis W. Rockwell	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Francis W. Rockwell (Republican) 52.13% ▌Henry W. Ely (Democratic) 45.02% ▌Henry Cutler (Prohibition) 2.85%

Michigan

See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Minnesota

See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[7]
Minnesota 1	Thomas Wilson	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Mark H. Dunnell (Republican) 50.4% ▌Thomas Wilson (Democratic) 45.4% ▌Robert Taylor (Prohibition) 4.2%
Minnesota 2	John Lind	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Lind (Republican) 57.0% ▌Morton S. Wilkinson (Democratic) 36.5% ▌David W. Edwards (Prohibition) 6.5%
Minnesota 3	John L. MacDonald	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Darwin Hall (Republican) 51.3% ▌John L. MacDonald (Democratic) 43.7% ▌Christopher A. Fosness (Prohibition) 4.9%
Minnesota 4	Edmund Rice	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel Snider (Republican) 53.8% ▌Edmund Rice (Democratic) 41.7% ▌James P. Pinkham (Prohibition) 4.5%
Minnesota 5	Knute Nelson	Republican	1882	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Solomon Comstock (Republican) 52.7% ▌Charles Canning (Democratic) 40.1% ▌Zar Scott (Prohibition) 7.2%

Mississippi

See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	John M. Allen	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John M. Allen (Democratic) 86.76% ▌Joseph M. Bynum (Republican) 13.24%[8]
Mississippi 2	James B. Morgan	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James B. Morgan (Democratic) 70.61% ▌James R. Chalmers (Republican) 29.39%[9]
Mississippi 3	Thomas C. Catchings	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas C. Catchings (Democratic) 71.12% ▌James Hill (Republican) 28.23% ▌James Witherspoon (Independent) 0.66%[10]
Mississippi 4	Frederick G. Barry	Democratic	1884	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Clarke Lewis (Democratic) 84.29% ▌Matthew K. Mister (Republican) 15.71%[11]
Mississippi 5	Chapman L. Anderson	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Chapman L. Anderson (Democratic) 80.29% ▌F. M. Cook (Republican) 19.72%[12]
Mississippi 6	T. R. Stockdale	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y T. R. Stockdale (Democratic) 70.33% ▌Leon C. Duchesne (Republican) 29.67%[13]
Mississippi 7	Charles E. Hooker	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles E. Hooker (Democratic) 75.50% ▌Henry Kernaghan (Republican) 24.50%[14]

Missouri

See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Nebraska

See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska 1	John A. McShane	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican gain.	▌Y William J. Connell (Republican) 49.85% ▌Julius S. Morton (Democratic) 44.69% ▌Edwin B. Graham (Prohibition) 4.48% ▌J. W. Edgerton (Labor) 0.98%[15]
Nebraska 2	James Laird	Republican	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Laird (Republican) 53.38% ▌W. G. Hastings (Democratic) 36.55% ▌George Scott (Prohibition) 7.12% ▌R. H. Rohr (Labor) 2.96%[16]
Nebraska 3	George W. E. Dorsey	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George W. E. Dorsey (Republican) 54.16% ▌E. P. Weatherby (Democratic) 39.95% ▌A. M. Walling (Prohibition) 3.85% ▌I. O. Jones (Labor) 1.91% Scattering 0.13%[17]

Nevada

See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[18]
Nevada at-large	William Woodburn	Republican	1884	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Horace F. Bartine (Republican) 54.92% ▌ George W. Cassidy (Democratic) 45.09%

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[6]
New Hampshire 1
New Hampshire 2

New Jersey

See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

Montana Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Mexico Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New York

See also: List of United States representatives from New York

North Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

Ohio

Main article: 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[19]
Ohio 1	Benjamin Butterworth	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin Butterworth (Republican) 52.6% ▌Otway Cosgrove (Democratic) 47.4%
Ohio 2	Charles Elwood Brown	Republican	1884	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John A. Caldwell (Republican) 51.9% ▌Clinton W. Gerard (Democratic) 48.1%
Ohio 3	Elihu S. Williams	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elihu S. Williams (Republican) 50.5% ▌George W. Houk (Democratic) 49.5%
Ohio 4	Samuel S. Yoder	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel S. Yoder (Democratic) 60.6% ▌Robert L. Mattingly (Republican) 39.4%
Ohio 5	George E. Seney	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George E. Seney (Democratic) 57.9% ▌Wilson Vance (Republican) 42.1%
Ohio 6	Melvin M. Boothman	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Melvin M. Boothman (Republican) 50.1% ▌Gaylord M. Saltzgaber (Democratic) 49.9%
Ohio 7	James E. Campbell	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Henry Lee Morey (Republican) 51.2% ▌John M. Pattison (Democratic) 48.8%
Ohio 8	Robert P. Kennedy	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert P. Kennedy (Republican) 54.2% ▌Andrew R. Bohn (Democratic) 45.8%
Ohio 9	William C. Cooper	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William C. Cooper (Republican) 53.0% ▌John S. Braddock (Republican) 47.0%
Ohio 10	Jacob Romeis	Republican	1884	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William E. Haynes (Democratic) 51.5% ▌Jacob Romeis (Republican) 48.5%
Ohio 11	Albert C. Thompson	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Albert C. Thompson (Republican) 56.8% ▌Joseph W. Shinn (Democratic) 43.2%
Ohio 12	Jacob J. Pugsley	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jacob J. Pugsley (Republican) 50.9% ▌Lawrence T. Neal (Democratic) 49.1%
Ohio 13	Joseph H. Outhwaite	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph H. Outhwaite (Democratic) 52.7% ▌John B. Neil (Republican) 47.3%
Ohio 14	Charles P. Wickham	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles P. Wickham (Republican) 51.5% ▌David L. Wadsworth (Democratic) 48.5%
Ohio 15	Charles H. Grosvenor	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles H. Grosvenor (Republican) 53.5% ▌John P. Spriggs (Democratic) 46.5%
Ohio 16	Beriah Wilkins	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y James W. Owens (Democratic) 55.2% ▌Edwin L. Lybarger (Republican) 44.8%
Ohio 17	Joseph D. Taylor	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph D. Taylor (Republican) 56.9% ▌William Lawrence (Democratic) 43.1%
Ohio 18	William McKinley	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William McKinley (Republican) 54.4% ▌George P. Ikirt (Democratic) 45.6%
Ohio 19	Ezra B. Taylor	Republican	1880 (s)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ezra B. Taylor (Republican) 67.5% ▌Henry Apthorp (Democratic) 32.5%
Ohio 20	George W. Crouse	Republican	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Martin L. Smyser (Republican) 52.9% ▌Calvin P. Humphrey (Democratic) 47.1%
Ohio 21	Martin A. Foran	Democratic	1882	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Theodore E. Burton (Republican) 50.8% ▌Tom L. Johnson (Democratic) 49.2%

Oregon

See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon

Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina

Main article: 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Samuel Dibble	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Dibble (Democratic) 86.7% ▌S. W. McKinlay (Republican) 13.1% Others 0.2%
South Carolina 2	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 86.8% ▌Seymour E. Smith (Republican) 11.4% Others 1.8%
South Carolina 3	James S. Cothran	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James S. Cothran (Democratic) 99.8% Others 0.2%
South Carolina 4	William H. Perry	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William H. Perry (Democratic) 99.9% Others 0.1%
South Carolina 5	John J. Hemphill	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 99.7% Others 0.3%
South Carolina 6	George W. Dargan	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George W. Dargan (Democratic) 95.7% Others 4.3%
South Carolina 7	William Elliott	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Elliott (Democratic) 54.1% ▌Thomas E. Miller (Republican) 45.4% Others 0.5%

In the 7th district, Elliott was initially declared re-elected, but Miller successfully challenged the election and was seated in his place in September 1890.

Tennessee

See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Roderick R. Butler	Republican	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Alfred A. Taylor (Republican) 60.33% ▌David P. Wilcox (Democratic) 38.20% ▌James M. Pierce (Prohibition) 1.47%[20]
Tennessee 2	Leonidas C. Houk	Republican	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Leonidas C. Houk (Republican) 68.80% ▌Samuel G. Heiskell (Democratic) 28.98% ▌James A. Ruble (Prohibition) 2.22%[21]
Tennessee 3	John R. Neal	Democratic	1884	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Henry C. Evans (Republican) 49.99% ▌Creed F. Bates (Democratic) 49.22% ▌M. D. Cone (Prohibition) 0.79%[22]
Tennessee 4	Benton McMillin	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benton McMillin (Democratic) 61.62% ▌Jonathan S. Wooten (Republican) 38.38%[23]
Tennessee 5	James D. Richardson	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James D. Richardson (Democratic) 67.82% ▌C. H. Shoffner (Republican) 32.19%[24]
Tennessee 6	Joseph E. Washington	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph E. Washington (Democratic) 57.20% ▌William H. Young (Republican) 38.26% ▌Louis G. Mumford (Prohibition) 4.54%[25]
Tennessee 7	Washington C. Whitthorne	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Washington C. Whitthorne (Democratic) 57.75% ▌Robert A. Haggard (Republican) 42.25%[26]
Tennessee 8	Benjamin A. Enloe	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin A. Enloe (Democratic) 54.72% ▌Warren Smith (Republican) 45.28%[27]
Tennessee 9	Presley T. Glass	Democratic	1884	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 62.96% ▌J. W. Brown (Republican) 37.04%[28]
Tennessee 10	James Phelan Jr.	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Phelan Jr. (Democratic) 63.21% ▌L. B. Eaton (Republican) 36.80%[29]

Texas

See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Utah Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[30]
Vermont 1	John W. Stewart	Republican	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John W. Stewart (Republican) 70.2% ▌Azro Meacham (Democratic) 28.6% ▌Peter Dakin (Prohibition) 1.1%
Vermont 2	William W. Grout	Republican	1880 1882 (lost) 1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William W. Grout (Republican) 71.2% ▌George W. Smith (Democratic) 27.6% ▌Cyrus W. Wyman (Prohibition) 1.2%

Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[31]
Virginia 1	Thomas H. B. Browne	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas H. B. Browne (Republican) 50.7% ▌Gilmer S. Kendall (Democratic) 49.3%
Virginia 2	George E. Bowden	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George E. Bowden (Republican) 58.7% ▌Richard C. Marshall (Democratic) 40.6% ▌Andrew Williams (Republican) 0.7%
Virginia 3	George D. Wise	Democratic	1880	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George D. Wise (Democratic) 50.4% ▌Edmund Waddill Jr. (Republican) 49.6%
Virginia 4	William E. Gaines	Republican	1886	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John M. Langston (Republican) 45.6% ▌Edward C. Venable (Democratic) 43.1% ▌R. W. Arnold (Republican) 11.3%
Virginia 5	John Robert Brown	Republican	1886	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Posey G. Lester (Democratic) 52.5% ▌John Blackwell (Republican) 47.5%
Virginia 6	Samuel I. Hopkins	Labor	1886	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Paul C. Edmunds (Democratic) 55.6% ▌Patrick H. Caull (Republican) 43.8% ▌Samuel T. Hopkins (Democratic) 0.6%
Virginia 7	Charles T. O'Ferrall	Democratic	1882 (contest)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles T. O'Ferrall (Democratic) 54.3% ▌John E. Roller (Republican) 45.0% ▌John C. Rivercombe (Prohibition) 0.7%
Virginia 8	W. H. F. Lee	Democratic	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y W. H. F. Lee (Democratic) 51.8% ▌Park Agnew (Republican) 48.0% ▌Daniel J. Hoge (Independent) 0.2%
Virginia 9	Henry Bowen	Republican	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y John A. Buchanan (Democratic) 50.7% ▌Henry Bowen (Republican) 49.3%
Virginia 10	Jacob Yost	Republican	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Henry St. George Tucker III (Democratic) 51.0% ▌Jacob Yost (Republican) 49.0%

Washington Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Nathan Goff Jr.	Republican	1882	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y John O. Pendleton (Democratic) 49.55% ▌George W. Atkinson (Republican) 49.49%[32] Others ▌B. F. Meyers (Prohibition) 0.54% ▌John E. Stealey (Independent) 0.43%
				Election successfully contested. New member seated February 26, 1890. Republican hold.	▌Y George W. Atkinson (Republican) 50.06% ▌John O. Pendleton (Democratic) 49.94%[33]
West Virginia 2	William L. Wilson	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William L. Wilson (Democratic) 50.11% ▌W. H. Flick (Republican) 49.19%[34] Others ▌Frank Burt (Prohibition) 0.46% ▌S. W. Sturm (Labor) 0.24%
West Virginia 3	Charles P. Snyder	Democratic	1883 (special)	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y John D. Alderson (Democratic) 50.51% ▌James H. McGinnis (Republican) 46.44% ▌W. D. Sanford (Independent) 2.24% ▌C. W. Henson (Prohibition) 0.80%[35]
West Virginia 4	Charles E. Hogg	Democratic	1886	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y James M. Jackson (Democratic) 49.65% ▌Charles B. Smith (Republican) 49.64%[36] Others ▌W. M. Weekley (Independent) 0.56% ▌G. W. Hays (Independent) 0.15%
				Election successfully contested. New member seated February 3, 1890. Republican gain.

Wisconsin

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1888.^[37][38]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	Lucien B. Caswell	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lucien B. Caswell (Republican) 53.4% ▌Joseph Doe (Democratic) 41.5% ▌Stephen Faville (Prohibition) 5.0%
Wisconsin 2	Richard W. Guenther	Republican	1886	Incumbent declined re-nomination. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles Barwig (Democratic) 53.2% ▌Edward C. McFetridge (Republican) 43.8% ▌O. H. Crowl (Prohibition) 2.6% ▌Clark Hewitt (Labor) 0.3%
Wisconsin 3	Robert M. La Follette	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 50.0% ▌John B. Parkinson (Democratic) 42.3% ▌Thomas C. Richmond (Prohibition) 7.0% ▌C. D. Wooster (Labor) 0.8%
Wisconsin 4	Henry Smith	Union Labor	1886	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Isaac W. Van Schaick (Republican) 50.8% ▌Henry Smith (Dem.-Labor) 47.3% Others ▌John Schuler (Socialist) 1.2% ▌George M. Heckendorn (Prohibition) 0.7%
Wisconsin 5	Thomas R. Hudd	Democratic	1886 (special)	Incumbent lost re-nomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y George H. Brickner (Democratic) 55.2% ▌Gustav Küstermann (Republican) 41.5% ▌Charles Hatch (Labor) 2.8% ▌E. M. Dick (Prohibition) 0.6%
Wisconsin 6	Charles B. Clark	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles B. Clark (Republican) 52.5% ▌Charles W. Felger (Democratic) 41.5% ▌W. S. Sweet (Prohibition) 3.6% ▌Peter A. Griffith (Labor) 2.4%
Wisconsin 7	Ormsby B. Thomas	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ormsby B. Thomas (Republican) 53.5% ▌Frank P. Coburn (Democratic) 41.5% ▌J. H. Mosely (Prohibition) 5.0%
Wisconsin 8	Nils P. Haugen	Republican	1887	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nils P. Haugen (Republican) 57.0% ▌Samuel C. Johnson (Dem.-Labor) 34.9% ▌Charles Alexander (Prohibition) 7.8% ▌Dan C. Johnson (Write-in) 0.2%
Wisconsin 9	Isaac Stephenson	Republican	1882	Incumbent declined re-nomination. Republican hold.	▌Y Myron H. McCord (Republican) 50.5% ▌H. W. Early (Democratic) 45.4% ▌A. C. Merryman (Prohibition) 2.7% Others ▌John F. Moore (Labor) 1.1% ▌F. H. Moore (Write-in) 0.2%

Wyoming Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates

See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
Idaho Territory at-large	Fred Dubois	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Fred Dubois (Republican) 51.03% ▌James H. Hawley (Democratic) 39.89% ▌Norman Buck (North Idaho Annexation) 9.08%[39]
Montana Territory at-large	Joseph K. Toole	Democratic	1884	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 56.20% ▌William A. Clark (Democratic) 43.39%[40]
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large
Wyoming Territory at-large	Joseph M. Carey	Republican	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph M. Carey (Republican) 58.04% ▌Caleb P. Organ (Democratic) 41.97%[41]

See also

• 1888 United States elections
  • 1888 United States presidential election
  • 1888–89 United States Senate elections
• 50th United States Congress
• 51st United States Congress

Notes

1. Regulars only, not including Specials.
2. Includes the late elections of six new states that joined the union in 1889 and 1890.
3. There are significant discrepancies between the party counts provided by Martis (pp. 142–43) and Dubin (p. 285) in regards to the 51st Congress, mainly due to the fact that Martis counts the results of many later contested elections (which were generally decided in favor of the challenging Republican candidate, resulting in the unseating of a number of Democratic members). Dubin records 169 Republicans and 161 Democrats on the first day of the 1st session of the 51st Congress; Dubin reports 177 Republicans, 154 Democrats, and one Labor Party member at the start of the 2nd session of the 51st Congress, figures that nearly match Martis' numbers.
4. Including 2 Independent Republicans, John Alexander Anderson elected to Kansas's 5th congressional district, and Albert R. Anderson to Iowa's 8th congressional district.
5. There was 1 labor member.
6. After a contested election, Lewis P. Featherstone of the Labor Party was declared the winner in Arkansas's 1st congressional district.
7. Greenback Party
8. Elections held early.
9. Independent
10. At-large seat eliminated in redistricting.
11. Labor Party