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1934 United States Senate elections

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1934 United States Senate elections
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The 1934 United States Senate elections were held in the middle of Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. The 32 seats of Class 1 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. During the Great Depression, voters strongly backed Roosevelt's New Deal and his allies in the Senate, with Democrats picking up a net of nine seats, giving them a supermajority (which required 64 seats, two-thirds of the total 96 seats in 1934).[1] Republicans later lost three more seats due to mid-term vacancies (one to Farmer-Labor and two to Democrats); however, a Democrat in Iowa died and the seat remained vacant until the next election. The Democrats entered the next election with a 70-22-2-1 majority.

Quick facts 36 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority, Majority party ...

This marked the first time that an incumbent president's party gained seats in both houses of Congress in midterm election cycles, followed by 1998 and 2002.[2] This was also the second of three times since the ratification of the 17th Amendment that the opposition party failed to flip any Senate seats, alongside 1914 and 2022.

A number of historic figures were first elected to the Senate in 1934, including future President Truman, future Federal District Judge and Labor Secretary Schwellenbach, the first Hispanic to be elected to a full term in the US Senate, Chavez, longtime Senator and later Representative Pepper and future Supreme Court Justice Minton.

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Gains, losses, and holds

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Retirements

Two Democrats and one Republican retired instead of seeking re-election.

Defeats

Eight Republicans and two Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

Party Switches

One Republican won re-election as a Progressive.

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Post-election changes

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Change in composition

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Before the elections

At the beginning of 1934.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44
Ariz.
Ran
D45
Fla.
Ran
D46
Mass.
Ran
D47
Miss.
Ran
D48
Mont. (reg)
Ran
Majority → D49
Mont. (sp)
Ran
D58
Va.
Ran
D57
Utah
Ran
D56
Texas
Ran
D55
Tenn. (sp)
Ran
D54
Tenn. (reg)
Ran
D53
N.Y.
Ran
D52
N.M. (sp)
Ran
D51
Nev.
Ran
D50
Neb. (reg)
Neb. (sp)
Retired
D59
Wash.
Retired
D60
Wyo. (reg)
Wyo. (sp)
Ran
FL1
Minn.
Ran
R35
Wis.
Ran
R34
W.Va.
Ran
R33
Vt. (reg)
Ran
R32
R.I.
Ran
R31
Pa.
Ran
R30
Ohio
Ran
R29
N.Dak.
Ran
R19
Calif.
Ran
R20
Conn.
Ran
R21
Del.
Ran
R22
Ind.
Ran
R23
Maine
Ran
R24
Md.
Ran
R25
Mich.
Ran
R26
Mo.
Ran
R27
N.J.
Ran
R28
N.M. (reg)
Ran
R18
Vt. (sp)
Ran
R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Elections result

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44
Ariz.
Re-elected
D45
Fla.
Re-elected
D46
Mass.
Re-elected
D47
Miss.
Hold
D48
Mont. (reg)
Re-elected
Majority → D49
Mont. (sp)
Hold
D58
Va.
Re-elected
D57
Utah
Re-elected
D56
Texas
Re-elected
D55
Tenn. (sp)
Elected[b]
D54
Tenn. (reg)
Re-elected
D53
N.Y.
Re-elected
D52
N.M. (sp)
Elected[b]
D51
Nev.
Re-elected
D50
Neb. (reg)
Neb. (sp)
Hold
D59
Wash.
Hold
D60
Wyo. (reg)
Wyo. (sp)
Elected[b]
D61
Conn.
Gain
D62
Ind.
Gain
D63
Md.
Gain
D64
Mo.
Gain
D65
N.J.
Gain
D66
Ohio
Gain
D67
Pa.
Gain
D68
R.I.
Gain
R19
Del.
Re-elected
R20
Maine
Re-elected
R21
Mich.
Re-elected
R22
N.M. (reg)
Re-elected
R23
N.Dak.
Re-elected
R24
Vt. (reg)
Re-elected
R25
Vt. (sp)
Elected[b]
P1
Wis.
Re-elected
new party
FL1
Minn.
Re-elected
D69
W.Va.
Gain
R18
Calif.
Re-elected
R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
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Race summaries

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Elections during the 73rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1934; ordered by election date then by state.

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Elections leading to the 74th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1935; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

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Closest races

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Ten races had a margin of victory under 10%:

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Virginia was the tipping point state with a margin of 55.1%.

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Arizona

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California

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Connecticut

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Delaware

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Florida

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Indiana

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Maine

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Maryland

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Minnesota

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Mississippi

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Missouri

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Montana

Montana (regular)

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Montana (special)

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Nebraska

Nebraska (regular)

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Nebraska (special)

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Nevada

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New Jersey

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New Mexico

New Mexico (regular)

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New Mexico (special)

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New York

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In New York, the whole Democratic ticket was elected in the third landslide in a row.

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North Dakota

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Ohio

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Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island

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Tennessee

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There were two elections due to a resignation.

Tennessee (regular)

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Three-term Democrat Kenneth D. McKellar was easily re-elected.

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Tennessee (special)

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One-term Democrat Cordell Hull resigned March 3, 1933 to become U.S. Secretary of State.

Democrat Nathan L. Bachman was appointed to continue Hull's term, pending a special election which Bachman easily won.

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Texas

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Utah

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Vermont

Vermont (regular)

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Vermont (special)

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Virginia

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Washington

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West Virginia

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Wisconsin

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Wyoming

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There were two elections to the same seat due to the November 3, 1933 death of Democrat John B. Kendrick. Democrat Joseph C. O'Mahoney was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election. O'Mahoney won both the special election and the regular election to the next term.

Wyoming (regular)

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Wyoming (special)

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O'Mahoney would be re-elected twice and serve until his 1952 defeat.

See also

Notes

  1. There was a regular election September 10 in Maine and a January 16 special election in Vermont.
  2. Appointee elected

References

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