Anne McLaren, with John D. Biggers, reports the first mammals, a litter of mice, grown from embryos developed in vitro and transferred to a surrogate mother.[14]
May 27–June 2 – A joint meeting of the ACM and GAMM at ETH Zurich agrees to produce the International Algebraic Language, which will become the programming languageALGOL.
October 31 – The first clinical implantation into a human of a fully implantable artificial pacemaker takes place at the Karolinska Institute in Solna, Sweden, using a pacemaker designed by Rune Elmqvist and surgeon Åke Senning. The patient, Arne Larsson (1915–2001), survives until age 86, having been fitted with 22 pacemakers throughout his life.
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Gurdon, J. (2000). "Not a total waste of time. An interview with John Gurdon. Interview by James C Smith". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 44 (1): 93–99. PMID10761853.
Lejeune, Jérôme; Gautier, Marthe; Turpin, Raymond (1959). "Les chromosomes humains en culture de tissus". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences. 248: 602–603. Retrieved 2014-11-25.
Eiseman, B.; Silen, W.; Bascom, G. S.; etal. (1958). "Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis". Surgery. 44 (5): 854–859. PMID13592638.
Reynolds, Tim; etal. (2015). "Reconstructing Late Pleistocene Climates, Landscapes and Human Activities in Northern Borneo from Excavations in the Niah Caves". In Kaifu, Yousuke; etal. (eds.). Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Texas A&M University Press.