| State | Incumbent | Party | Status | Opposing candidates |
| Arizona | Paul Fannin | Republican | Retired to run for the U.S. Senate,[1] Democratic victory | Samuel Pearson Goddard Jr. (Democratic) 53.24%
Richard Kleindienst (Republican) 46.76%[2] |
| Arkansas | Orval Faubus | Democratic | Re-elected, 57% | Winthrop Rockefeller (Republican) 42.99%
Kenneth Hurst (Write-In) 0.01%[3] |
| Delaware | Elbert N. Carvel | Democratic | Retired, Democratic victory | Charles L. Terry Jr. (Democratic) 51.36%
David P. Buckson (Republican) 48.65%[4] |
| Florida | C. Farris Bryant | Democratic | Term-limited,[5] Democratic victory | W. Haydon Burns (Democratic) 56.16%
Charles R. Holley (Republican) 41.26%
Write-ins 2.62%[6] |
| Illinois | Otto Kerner Jr. | Democratic | Re-elected, 51.93% | Charles H. Percy (Republican) 48.08%[7] |
| Indiana | Matthew E. Welsh | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | Roger D. Branigin (Democratic) 56.18%
Richard O. Ristine (Republican) 43.48%
Chester G. Bohannon (Prohibition) 0.28%
Gordon A. Long (Socialist Labor) 0.06%[8] |
| Iowa | Harold Hughes | Democratic | Re-elected, 68.05% | Evan Hultman (Republican) 31.27%
Robert Dilley (Conservative) 0.68%[9] |
| Kansas | John Anderson Jr. | Republican | Retired,[10] Republican victory | William H. Avery (Republican) 50.88%
Harry G. Wiles (Democratic) 47.07%
Kenneth L. Myers (Conservative) 1.39%
Harry E. Livermore (Prohibition) 0.67%[11] |
| Massachusetts | Endicott Peabody | Democratic | Defeated in primary,[12] Republican victory | John Volpe (Republican) 50.27%
Francis Bellotti (Democratic) 49.29%
Francis A. Votano (Socialist Labor) 0.27%
Guy S. Williams (Prohibition) 0.16%
Others 0.01%[13] |
| Michigan | George W. Romney | Republican | Re-elected, 55.87% | Neil Staebler (Democratic) 43.74%
Frank Lovell (Socialist Workers) 0.18%
Albert B. Cleage Jr. (Freedom Now) 0.15%
James Horvath (Socialist Labor) 0.06%[14] |
| Missouri | John M. Dalton | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | Warren E. Hearnes (Democratic) 62.06%
Ethan Shepley (Republican) 37.94%[15] |
| Montana | Tim Babcock | Republican | Elected to a full term, 51.29% | Roland Renne (Democratic) 48.71%[16] |
| Nebraska | Frank B. Morrison | Democratic | Re-elected, 60.03% | Dwight W. Burney (Republican) 39.96%
Others 0.01%[17] |
| New Hampshire | John W. King | Democratic | Re-elected, 66.77% | John Pillsbury (Republican) 33.17%
Others 0.06%[18] |
| New Mexico | Jack M. Campbell | Democratic | Re-elected, 60.21% | Merle H. Tucker (Republican) 39.79%[19] |
| North Carolina | Terry Sanford | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | Dan K. Moore (Democratic) 56.59%
Robert L. Gavin (Republican) 43.41%[20] |
| North Dakota | William L. Guy | Democratic-NPL | Re-elected, 55.74% | Donald M. Halcrow (Republican) 44.26%[21] |
| Rhode Island | John Chafee | Republican | Re-elected, 61.15% | Edward P. Gallogly (Democratic) 38.85%[22] |
| South Dakota | Archie M. Gubbrud | Republican | Not chosen by the Republican Party to run again,[23]
Republican victory | Nils Boe (Republican) 51.68%
John F. Lindley (Democratic) 48.33%[24] |
| Texas | John Connally | Democratic | Re-elected, 73.79% | Jack Crichton (Republican) 26.00%
John C. Williams (Constitution) 0.21%[25] |
| Utah | George Dewey Clyde | Republican | Retired, Democratic victory | Cal Rampton (Democratic) 56.99%
Mitchell Melich (Republican) 43.01%[26] |
| Vermont | Philip H. Hoff | Democratic | Re-elected, 65.36% | Ralph A. Foote (Republican) 34.63%
Others 0.01%[27] |
| Washington | Albert Rosellini | Democratic | Defeated, 43.89% | Daniel J. Evans (Republican) 55.77%
Henry Killman (Socialist Labor) 0.35%[28] |
| West Virginia | Wally Barron | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | Hulett C. Smith (Democratic) 54.91%
Cecil Underwood (Republican) 45.09%[29] |
| Wisconsin | John W. Reynolds Jr. | Democratic | Defeated, 49.44% | Warren P. Knowles (Republican) 50.55%
Others 0.01%[30] |
